LINAC2022 - List of Keywords (operation)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MO1AA01	Upgrades and Developments at the ISIS Linac	rfq, linac, MEBT, quadrupole	1
	A.P. Letchford STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	The ISIS Spallation Neutron Source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK has a 70 MeV H⁻ linac operating at 202.5 MHz. The linac consists of a 665 keV RFQ and a 4-tank Drift Tube Linac (DTL). In order to ensure continued reliability, increase performance and lay the groundwork for possible facility upgrades in the future a programme of R&D has been taking place in recent years. This paper will discuss three components of that programme: the complete replacement of DTL Tank 4; the design of a Medium Energy beam Transport (MEBT) between the RFQ and DTL; and the Front End Test Stand (FETS), a demonstrator for the front end of a future high current, high energy linac.
	Slides MO1AA01 [26.001 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1AA01
About •	Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MO1PA01	Beam Commissioning and Integrated Test of the PIP-II Injector Test Facility	cavity, MMI, cryomodule, MEBT	13
	E. Pozdeyev, R. Andrews, C.M. Baffes, M. Ball, C. Boffo, R. Campos, J.-P. Carneiro, B.E. Chase, A.Z. Chen, D.J. Crawford, J. Czajkowski, N. Eddy, M. El Baz, M.G. Geelhoed, V.M. Grzelak, P.M. Hanlet, B.M. Hanna, B.J. Hansen, E.R. Harms, B.F. Harrison, M.A. Ibrahim, K.R. Kendziora, M.J. Kucera, D.D. Lambert, J.R. Leibfritz, P. Lyalyutskyy, J.N. Makara, H. Maniar, L. Merminga, R. Neswold, D.J. Nicklaus, J.P. Ozelis, D. Passarelli, N. Patel, D.W. Peterson, L.R. Prost, G.W. Saewert, A. Saini, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel, A.I. Sukhanov, P. Varghese, R. Wang, A. Warner, G. Wu, R.M. Zifko Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA V.K. Mishra, M.M. Pande, K. Singh, Vikas. Teotia BARC, Mumbai, India
	The PIP-II Injector Test (PIP2IT) facility is a near-complete low energy portion of the Superconducting PIP-II linac driver. PIP2IT comprises the warm front end and the first two PIP-II superconducting cryomodules. PIP2IT is designed to accelerate a 2 mA H⁻ beam to an energy of 20 MeV. The facility serves as a testbed for a number of advanced technologies required to operate PIP-II and provides an opportunity to gain experience with commissioning of the superconducting linac, significantly reducing project technical risks. Some PIP2IT components are contributions from international partners, who also lend their expertise to the accelerator project. The project has been successfully commissioned with the beam in 2021, demonstrating the performance required for the LBNF/DUNE. In this paper, we describe the facility and its critical systems. We discuss our experience with the integrated testing and beam commissioning of PIP2IT, and present commissioning results. This important milestone ushers in a new era at Fermilab of proton beam delivery using superconducting radio-frequency accelerators.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides MO1PA01 [2.714 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1PA01
About •	Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MO1PA03	First Years of Linac4 RF Operation	linac, klystron, controls, rfq	25
	S. Ramberger, R. Wegner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Following the construction, commissioning, run-in, and connection, in 2021 Linac4 at CERN saw its successful start-up to full operation. Being composed primarily of RF systems, occupying most of the tunnel and the equipment hall, a coordinated effort has been put in place by 4 RF teams providing cavities, amplifier chains, low-level RF and general control systems. While all parts came together with impressive performance from day one, many details required a considerable debugging effort to achieve the requested availability of at least 95% from first operation in the synchrotron complex. This talk will focus on issues in equipment reliability, radiation to electronics, thermal stability, systems interaction, as well as a few aspects of complex low-level RF setup. It will also discuss decisions taken with respect to spare policies and upgrades for the coming years.
	Slides MO1PA03 [3.992 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1PA03
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO10	The Linac Test Facility at Daresbury Laboratory	linac, electron, photon, controls	47
	A.E. Wheelhouse, R. Schnuerer STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom H.L. Gasson, N. Patel, D.H. Rowlands, I. Tahir Teledyne-e2v UK Ltd, Chelmsford, United Kingdom R. Schnuerer Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The LINAC Test Facility (LTF) based at Daresbury Laboratory supports research and development of applications in medical, security, and environmental technologies through the operation of a Compact LINAC. This facility has been operated and upgraded over several years and this work has been performed in a collaboration between STFC and Teledyne e2v, enabling the facility to deliver an increased accelerating gradient of 6 MeV, which has broadened the capability to provide testing of radiotherapy and security scanning technologies. This paper de-scribes the developments undertaken, the benefits gained by both parties, and future planned improvements.
	Poster MOPOJO10 [0.707 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO10
About •	Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO19	Programmable SLED System for Single Bunch and Multibunch Linac Operation	klystron, linac, cavity, LLRF	73
	C. Christou, P. Gu, A. Tropp DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The Diamond Light Source pre-injector linac generates single bunch and multibunch 100 MeV electron beams for top-up and fill of the storage ring. The linac is powered by two high-power 3 GHz klystrons, and both klystrons are required for reliable injection into the booster and storage ring. In order to introduce redundancy, a SLED pulse compression cavity has been installed so that the linac can operate from just one klystron, with the second klystron held as a standby. A simple phase flip can be used to generate a high-power transient RF spike, suitable for single bunch linac operation, and a programmable amplitude and phase drive profile can be specified to generate a constant-power klystron output suitable for multibunch operation. Details are presented of design, installation and high-power operation of the SLED system, and the ability to generate a long pulse, including corrections for klystron nonlinearity and deviations from modulator flat-top, is demonstrated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO19
About •	Received ※ 09 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA03	Beam-Transient-Based LLRF Voltage Signal Calibration for the European XFEL	cavity, FEL, LLRF, linac	80
	N. Walker, V. Ayvazyan, J. Branlard, S. Pfeiffer, Ch. Schmidt DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	The European XFEL linac consists of 25 superconducting RF (SRF) stations. With the exception of the first station which is part of the injector, each station comprises 32 1.3-GHz SRF TESLA cavities, driven by a single 10-MW klystron. A sophisticated state-of-the-art low-level RF (LLRF) system maintains the complex vector sum of each RF station. Monitoring and maintaining the calibration of the cavity electric field (gradient) probe signals has proven critical in achieving the maximum energy performance and availability of the SRF linac. Since there are no dedicated diagnostics for cross-checking calibration of the LLRF system, a procedure has been implemented based on simultaneously measuring the beam transient in open-loop operation of all cavities. Based on methods originally developed at FLASH, the European XFEL procedure makes use of automation and the XFEL LLRF DAQ system to provide a robust and relatively fast (minutes) way of extracting the transient data, and is now routinely scheduled once per week. In this paper, we will report on the background, implementation, analysis methods, typical results, and their subsequent application for machine operation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA03
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA15	Three Years of Operation of the SPIRAL2 SC LINAC- RF Feedback	cavity, linac, LLRF, controls	98
	M. Di Giacomo, M. Aburas, P.-E. Bernaudin, O. Delahaye, A. Dubosq, A. Ghribi, J.-M. Lagniel, J.F. Leyge, G. Normand, A.K. Orduz, F. Pillon, L. Valentin GANIL, Caen, France F. Bouly LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France S. Sube CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
	The superconducting LINAC of SPIRAL2 at the GANIL facility has been in operation since October 2019. The accelerator uses 12 low beta and 14 high beta supercon-ducting quarter wave cavities, cooled at 4°K, working at 88 MHz. The cavities are operated at a nominal gradient of 6.5 MV/m and are independently powered by a LLRF and a solid-state amplifier, protected by a circulator. Pro-ton and deuteron beam currents can reach 5 mA and beam loading perturbation is particularly strong on the first cavities, as they are operated at field levels much lower than the nominal one. This paper presents a feedback after three years of oper-ation, focuses on the RF issues, describing problems and required improvement on the low level, control and pow-er systems
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA15
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 17 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA17	RF Commissioning of the First-of-Series Cavity Section of the Alvarez 2.0 at GSI	cavity, DTL, vacuum, coupling	106
	M. Heilmann, L. Groening, C. Herr, M. Hoerr, S. Mickat, B. Schlitt, G. Schreiber GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The existing post-stripper DTL of the GSI UNILAC will be replaced with the new Alvarez 2.0 DTL to serve as the injector chain for the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). The 10⁸.4 MHz Alvarez 2.0 DTL with a total length of 55 meters has an input energy of 1.36 MeV/u and the output energy is 11.32 MeV/u. The presented First-of-Series (FoS) cavity section with 11 drift tubes and a total length of 1.9 m is the first part of the first cavity of the Alvarez 2.0 DTL. After copper plating and assembly of the cavity the RF-conditioning started in July 2021. These proceeding gives an overview on the results of the successfully RF-conditioning to reach the necessary gap voltage for uranium operation including a comfortable safety margin.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA17
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA18	High Intensity Heavy Ion Beam Optimization at GSI UNILAC	emittance, heavy-ion, brilliance, rfq	110
	H. Vormann, W.A. Barth, M. Miski-Oglu, U. Scheeler, M. Vossberg, S. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	To improve the UNILAC’s performance for the upcoming use as heavy ion injector for the FAIR accelerator chain, dedicated beam investigations have been carried out. In particular measurements with Bismuth and Uranium beams require the highest accelerating voltages and powers of the rf cavities, the rf transmitters and the magnet power converters. After four years without Uranium operation (resp. with Uranium, but restricted cavity voltages), the UNILAC has now been operated again with a performance close to that of former years. Several upgrade measures will improve the UNILAC capability. In combination with the prototype pulsed gas stripper with hydrogen gas, beam intensities not far below the FAIR requirements can already now be expected.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA18
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA21	RF Beam Sweeper for Purifying In-Flight Produced Rare Isotope Beams at ATLAS Facility	high-voltage, experiment, simulation, controls	122
	S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, A.C. Araujo Martinez, J. Peña González, A.Yu. Smirnov RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA B. Mustapha ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under SBIR grant DE-SC0019719. RadiaBeam is developing an RF beam sweeper for puri-fying in-flight produced rare isotope beams at the ATLAS facility of Argonne National Laboratory. The device will operate in two frequency regimes ’ 6 MHz and 12 MHz ’ each providing a 150 kV deflecting voltage, which dou-bles the capabilities of the existing ATLAS sweeper. In this paper, we present the design of a high-voltage RF sweeper and discuss the electromagnetic, beam dynamics, and solid-state power source for this device.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA21
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA22	High-Gradient Accelerating Structure for Hadron Therapy Linac, Operating at kHz Repetition Rates	linac, GUI, klystron, hadron	126
	S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, A.C. Araujo Martinez, A.Yu. Smirnov, S.U. Thielk RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA V.A. Dolgashev SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA B. Mustapha, G. Ye ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under STTR grant DE-SC0015717 and Accelerator Stewardship Grant, Proposal No. 0000219678. Argonne National Laboratory and RadiaBeam have designed the Advanced Compact Carbon Ion Linac (ACCIL) for the acceleration of carbon an proton beams up to the energies of 450 MeV/u, required for image-guided hadron therapy. Recently, this project has been enhanced with the capability of fast tumour tracking and treatment through the 4D spot scanning technique. Such solution offers a promising approach to simultaneously reduce the cost and improve the quality of the treatment. In this paper, we report the design of an accelerating structure, capable of operating up to 1000 pulses per second. The linac utilizes an RF pulse compressor for use with commercially available klystrons, which will dramatically reduce the price of the system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA22
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA24	High-Brightness RFQ Injector for LANSCE Multi-Beam Operation	rfq, emittance, quadrupole, solenoid	130
	Y.K. Batygin, D.A.D. Dimitrov, I. Draganić, D.V. Gorelov, E. Henestroza, S.S. Kurennoy LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Funding: Work supported by US DOE under contract 89233218CNA000001 The unique feature of the LANSCE accelerator facility is multi beam operation. Accelerator delivers 100 MeV H⁺ and 800 MeV H⁻ beams to five experimental areas. The LANSCE front end is equipped with two independent injectors for H⁺ and H⁻ beams, merging at the entrance of a Drift Tube Linac (DTL). Existing Cockcroft-Walton (CW) - based injector provides conservation of high value of beams brightness before injection into DTL. To reduce long-term operational risks and support beam delivery with high reliability, we designed an RFQ-based front end as a modern injector replacement for the CW injectors. Proposed injector includes two independent low-energy transports merging beams at the entrance of a single RFQ, which accelerates simultaneously both protons and H⁻ ions with multiple flavors of the beams. Paper discusses details of beam physics design and presents injector parameters.
	Slides MOPOPA24 [3.266 MB]
	Poster MOPOPA24 [5.806 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA24
About •	Received ※ 21 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE01	Linac Design within HITRIplus for Particle Therapy	linac, synchrotron, rfq, cavity	134
	U. Ratzinger, H. Höltermann, B. Koubek, H. Podlech BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany M. Vretenar CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: EU Horizon 2020 Grant agreement No 101008548 Within the EU H2020 project HITRIplus for the development of cancer therapy with heavy ions a linac was designed. It is evolving from the concept of the 4 European cancer therapy centers applying light ions up to carbon. The new linac will in its simpliest version allow C⁴⁺ - beam injection into synchrotrons at 5 A MeV, with high beam transmission and allowing currents up to 5 mA alpha - particles. An advanced ECR - ion source will inject into an RFQ - IH-DTL combination. The DTL concept allows upgraded versions for A/q - values up to two and with beam energies of 7.1 A MeV from IH - tank2 and 10 A MeV from IH-tank3. The higher beam injection energies for light ions allow a relaxed synchrotron operation at lowest magnetic field levels. A main argument for the DTL extensions however is an additional linac function as radioisotope facility driver. The 7.1 A MeV are especially defined for the clean production of 211At, which may play a future role in cancer therapy. The linac will allow for high duty factors - up to 10%, to fulfil the needs for efficient radioisotope production. Solid state amplifiers with matched design RF power levels (up to 600 kW for IH3) will be used.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE01
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE09	Commissioning Status of the iBNCT Accelerator	target, neutron, rfq, radiation	164
	M. Sato, Z. Fang, M.K. Fukuda, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, K. Ikegami, H. Kobayashi, C. Kubota, T. Kurihara, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, F. Naito, K. Nanmo, T. Obina, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan H. Kumada, Y. Matsumoto, Su. Tanaka Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan N. Nagura, T. Ohba Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan H. Oguri JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan T. Toyoshima ATOX, Ibaraki, Japan
	An accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been studied intensively in recent years as one of the new cancer therapies after many clinical research with nuclear reactors. In the iBNCT project, the accelerator configuration consists of an RFQ and a DTL which have proven achievements in J-PARC. Meanwhile, a high duty factor is required to have a sufficient thermal neutron flux needed by BNCT treatments. After a failure of the klystron power supply occurred in Feb. 2019, beam operation was resumed in May 2020. To date, an average current of about 2 mA with the beam repetition rate of 75 Hz has been achieved with stable operation. Irradiation tests with cells and mice are ongoing together with characteristic measurements of the neutron beam. In parallel with that, we have been gradually improving the accelerator cooling-water system for further stability. In this contribution, the present status and prospects of the iBNCT accelerator are reported.
	Slides MOPOGE09 [0.852 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE09
About •	Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE15	Operation of the H⁻ Linac at FNAL	linac, quadrupole, rfq, diagnostics	184
	K. Seiya, T.A. Butler, A. Hartman, D.C. Jones, V.V. Kapin, S. Moua, J.-F. Ostiguy, R. Ridgway, R.V. Sharankova, B.S. Stanzil, C.-Y. Tan, M.E. Wesley Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.W. Mwaniki IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
	The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Linac has been in operation for 52 years. the Linac delivers H⁻ ions at 400 MeV and injects protons by charge exchange into the Booster synchrotron. Despite its age, the Linac is the most stable accelerator in the FNAL complex, reliably sending 22 mA in daily operations. We will discuss the status of the operation, beam studies, and plans.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE15
About •	Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI02	Implementation of an Advanced MicroTCA.4-based Digitizer for Monitoring Comb-Like Beam at the J-PARC Linac	linac, monitoring, DTL, MEBT	219
	E. Cicek, K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao, S. Mizobata KEK, Ibaraki, Japan N. Hayashi, A. Miura, K. Moriya JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac beam pulse, generated by a beam chopper system placed at the MEBT, comprises a series of intermediate pulses with a comb-like structure synchronized with the radio-frequency of the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The sequentially measuring and monitoring the comb-like beam pulse ensures the beam stability with less beam loss at the current operation and higher beam intensity scenarios at the J-PARC. However, signal processing as a function of the pulse structure is challenging using a general-purpose digitizer, and monitoring the entire macro pulse during the beam operation is unavailable. To this end, an advanced beam monitor digitizer complying with the MicroTCA.4 (MicroTelecommunications Computing Architecture.4) standard, including digital signal processing functions, has been developed. This paper reports the implementation, performance evaluation, and the first results of this unique beam monitor digitizer.
	Poster MOPORI02 [7.902 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI02
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI05	Application of Virtual Diagnostics in the FEBE Clara User Area	diagnostics, simulation, instrumentation, quadrupole	231
	J. Wolfenden, C. Swain, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom D.J. Dunning, J.K. Jones, T.H. Pacey, A.E. Pollard STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C. Swain, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This work is supported by the AWAKE-UK phase II project funded by STFC and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1. Successful user experiments at particle beam facilities are dependent upon the awareness of beam characteristics at the interaction point. Often, properties are measured beforehand for fixed operation modes; users then rely on the long-term stability of the beam. Otherwise, diagnostics must be integrated into a user experiment, costing resources and limiting space in the user area. This contribution proposes the application of machine learning to develop a suite of virtual diagnostic systems. Virtual diagnostics take data at easy to access locations, and infer beam properties at locations where a measurement has not been taken, and often cannot be taken. Here the focus is the user area at the planned Full Energy Beam Exploitation (FEBE) upgrade to the CLARA facility (UK). Presented is a simulation-based proof-of-concept for a variety of virtual diagnostics. Transverse and longitudinal properties are measured upstream of the user area, coupled with the beam optics parameters leading to the user area, and input into a neural network, to predict the same parameters within the user area. Potential instrumentation for FEBE CLARA virtual diagnostics will also be discussed.
	Poster MOPORI05 [0.613 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI05
About •	Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI08	Beam Mapping Linearity Improvement in Multi-Dimensional Bunch Shape Monitor	cavity, electron, focusing, detector	239
	S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, A.C. Araujo Martinez, A. Moro, A.Yu. Smirnov, K.V. Taletski RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA A.V. Aleksandrov, A.A. Menshov ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-SC0020590. RadiaBeam is developing a Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) with improved performance that incorporates three major innovations. First, the collection efficiency is im-proved by adding a focusing field between the wire and the entrance slit. Second, a new design of an RF deflector improves beam linearity. Finally, the design is augmented with both a movable wire and a microwave deflecting cavity to add functionality and enable measuring the transverse profile as a wire scanner. In this paper, we pre-sent the design of the BSM and its sub-systems.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI08
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI12	Development of Commercial RFQ Toward CW Applications	cavity, rfq, MMI, neutron	255
	H. Yamauchi, M. Masuoka Time Corporation, Hiroshima, Japan
	TIME Co. developed a new 4-vane RFQ structure that can be used for a very high-duty factor operation. We eliminated the tuners to flatten the field distribution. The tuners increase RF contacts which may trigger unex-pected local heat spots and subsequent discharges. In addition, we hollowed out the entire vane to achieve large cooling water channels. A high-power test showed that the commissioning was completed within one day. We could input a nominal RF power without experienc-ing almost any discharge. The applied duty factor was 5 % at the 200 MHz resonant frequency, and the meas-ured frequency shift was not detected. These activities have been carried out in collaboration with Tokyo Institute of Technology and RIKEN.
	Slides MOPORI12 [1.877 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI12
About •	Received ※ 26 August 2022 — Revised ※ 04 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI13	On the UNILAC Pulsed Gas Stripper at GSI	target, vacuum, controls, heavy-ion	258
	P. Gerhard, M.T. Maier GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The UNILAC will serve as injector linac for heavy ion beams for the future FAIR, with the commissioning being anticipated in 2025. One of the crucial steps in the course of acceleration along the UNILAC is the stripping of the ions by a gas stripper in front of the main linac. Its efficiency is decisive in reaching the intensities required and may be increased by more than 50% by introducing hydrogen as stripping target, instead of the nitrogen used so far. This requires the stripper to be operated in a pulsed mode, since otherwise the pumping speed is not sufficient to maintain suitable vacuum conditions. The proof of principle was demonstrated in 2016. A dedicated project aims for a setup suitable for routine operation. Main issues are safety, reliability and automated operation. We report on the development done since 2016 and give an overview of the realisation coming within the next few years. Results from systematic measurements on the properties of the valves and their impact on the properties of the stripping target are presented. P. Scharrer et al., Developments on the 1.4 MeV/u Pulsed Gas Stripper Cell, in Proc. LINAC2016, East Lansing, MI, USA, Sep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP03
	Poster MOPORI13 [1.908 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI13
About •	Received ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI18	Overview of STFC Daresbury Laboratory Vacuum Operations for the Testing of ESS High Beta Cavities.	cavity, vacuum, SRF, detector	268
	S. Wilde, K.J. Middleman, M.D. Pendleton, J.O.W. Poynton STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom D.A. Mason, G. Miller, J. Mutch STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom K.J. Middleman Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	This paper describes the vacuum systems and operations that are used at the STFC Daresbury Laboratory SuRF lab during cold RF testing of ESS high beta RF accelerating cavities. Dedicated slow pump slow vent (SPSV) systems are used to perform vacuum acceptance testing of each cavity before, during and after cold RF testing. Details of the vacuum systems, support facilities, acceptance criteria and test results will be discussed in detail.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI18
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI23	High-Power Testing Results of X-Band RF-Window and 45 Degrees Spiral Load	GUI, Windows, klystron, controls	279
	M. Boronat, H. Bursali, N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Grudiev, G. McMonagle, I. Syratchev CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The X-Band test facilities at CERN have been running for some years now qualifying CLIC structure prototypes but also developing and testing high power general-purpose X-Band components, used in a wide range of applications. Driven by operational needs, several components have been redesigned and tested aiming to optimize the reliability and the compactness of the full system and therefore enhancing the accessibility of this technology inside and outside CERN. To this extent, a new high-power RF-window has been designed and tested aiming to avoid unnecessary venting of high-power sections already conditioned, easing the interventions, and protecting the klystrons. A new spiral load prototype has also been designed, built, and tested, optimizing the compactness, and improving the fabrication process. In these pages, the design and manufacturing for each component will be shortly described, along with the last results on the high-power testing.
	Poster MOPORI23 [2.275 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI23
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TU1AA02	Compact, Turn-Key SRF Accelerators	cavity, cryomodule, SRF, controls	290
	N.A. Stilin, A.T. Holic, M. Liepe, T.I. O’Connell, J. Sears, V.D. Shemelin, J. Turco Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	The development of simpler, compact Superconducting RF (SRF) systems represents a new subject of research in accelerator science. These compact accelerators rely on advancements made to both Nb₃Sn SRF cavities and commercial cryocoolers, which together allow for the removal of liquid cryogenics from the system. This approach to SRF cavity operation, based on novel conduction cooling schemes, has the potential to drastically extend the range of application of SRF technology. By offering robust, non-expert, turn-key operation, such systems enable the use of SRF accelerators for industrial, medical, and small-scale science applications. This presentation will provide an overview of the significant progress being made at Cornell, Jefferson Lab, and Fermilab (FNAL), including stable cavity operation at 10 MV/m. It will also introduce the primary challenges of this new field and their potential solutions, along with an overview of the various applications which could benefit the most from this technology.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides TU1AA02 [4.683 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU1AA02
About •	Received ※ 29 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TU2AA02	SPIRAL2 Final Commissioning Results	MMI, linac, cavity, rfq	314
	A.K. Orduz, P.-E. Bernaudin, M. Di Giacomo, R. Ferdinand, B. Jacquot, O. Kamalou, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand, A. Savalle GANIL, Caen, France D.U. Uriot CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
	The commissioning of SPIRAL2 was carried out in different steps and slots from 2014 to end 2021. In a first phase, the proton-deuteron and heavy ion sources, LEBT lines and RFQ were commissioned and validated with A/Q=1 up to 3 particles. The validation of the MEBT (between the RFQ and the linac, including the Single Bunch Selector), linac and HEBT lines (up to the beam dump and to the NFS experimental room) started on July 2019, when GANIL received the authorization to operate SPIRAL2. The linac tuning is now validated with H⁺, 4He2+ and D⁺ and nominal H⁺ and D⁺ beams were sent to NFS for physics experiments. The main results obtained during the commissioning stages and the strategy used by the commissioning team are presented.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides TU2AA02 [3.724 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU2AA02
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TU2AA04	Commissioning of IFMIF Prototype Accelerator Towards CW Operation	rfq, MMI, simulation, linac	319
	K. Masuda, T. Akagi, A. De Franco, T. Ebisawa, K. Hasegawa, K. Hirosawa, J. Hyun, T. Itagaki, A. Kasugai, K. Kondo, K. Kumagai, S. Kwon, A. Mizuno, Y. Shimosaki, M. Sugimoto QST Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan T. Akagi, Y. Carin, F. Cismondi, A. De Franco, D. Gex, K. Hirosawa, K. Kumagai, S. Kwon, K. Masuda, I. Moya, F. Scantamburlo, M. Sugimoto IFMIF/EVEDA PT, Aomori, Japan L. Antoniazzi, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, A. Facco, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy F. Arranz, B. Brañas, J. Castellanos, D. Gavela, D. Jimenez-Rey, Á. Marchena, J. Mollá, P. Méndez, O. Nomen, C. Oliver, I. Podadera, D. Regidor, A. Ros, V. Villamayor, M. Weber, C. de la Morena CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain N. Bazin, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, S. Chel, J. Marroncle CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France P. Cara, Y. Carin, F. Cismondi, G. Duglue, H. Dzitko, D. Gex, A. Jokinen, I. Moya, G. Phillips, F. Scantamburlo F4E, Germany A. Mizuno JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan Y. Shimosaki KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Construction and validation of the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) have been conducted under the framework of the IFMIF/EVEDA project. The LIPAc consists, in its final configuration, of a 100 keV injector and the world longest 5 MeV RFQ accelerator, followed by a MEBT with high space charged and beam loaded re-buncher cavities, an HWR-SRF linac, HEBT with a Diagnostic Plate, ending in a Beam Dump (BD) designed to stop the world highest deuteron current of 125 mA CW at 9 MeV. The beam commissioning at a low duty cycle of ~0.1 % led to a successful RFQ acceleration of 125 mA and 5 MeV beam in 2019. The following beam commissioning phase was initiated in July 2021 with a temporary transport line replacing the SRF linac. The major goals of this phase are to validate the RFQ, MEBT and BD performances up to CW and to characterize the beam properties in preparation to the final configuration with the SRF linac. This paper will present progresses made in this phase so far, such as a low-current and low-duty beam commissioning completed in Dec. 2021, CW operation campaign of the injector towards the nominal beam current, and RF conditioning of the RFQ towards CW.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides TU2AA04 [6.731 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU2AA04
About •	Received ※ 27 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO09	High Power RF Conditioning of the ESS DTL1	DTL, cavity, vacuum, controls	356
	F. Grespan, C. Baltador, L. Bellan, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, M.G. Giacchini, M. Montis, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy F. Grespan, B. Jones, L. Page, A.G. Sosa, E. Trachanas, R. Zeng ESS, Lund, Sweden D.J.P. Nicosia CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The first tank of Drift Tube Linac (DTL) for the European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS), delivered by INFN, has been installed in the ESS tunnel in Summer 2021. The DTL-1 is designed to accelerate a 62.5 mA proton beam from 3.62 MeV up to 21 MeV. It consists of 61 accelerating gaps, alternate with 60 drift tubes equipped with Permanent Magnet Quadrupole (PMQ) in a FODO lattice. The remaining drift tubes are equipped with dipole correctors (steerers), beam position monitors (BPMs) or empty. The total length of the cavity is 7.6 m and it is stabilized by post couplers. Two waveguide couplers feed the DTL with the 2.2 MW of RF power required for beam operation, equally divided by RF power losses and beam power. This paper first presents the main systems required for the DTL conditioning. Then it summarizes the main steps and results of this high power RF conditioning done at ESS to prepare the DTL for the consequent beam commissioning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO09
About •	Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO23	Accelerated Lifetime Test of Spoke Cavity Cold Tuning Systems for Myrrha	cavity, cryomodule, SRF, vacuum	406
	N. Gandolfo, S. Blivet, F. Chatelet, V. Delpech, D. Le Dréan, G. Mavilla, M. Pierens, H. Saugnac Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
	Within the framework of MINERVA, the first Phase of MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) project, IN2P3 labs are in charge of the developments of several accelerator elements. Among those, a fully equipped Spoke cryomodule prototype was constructed, it integrates two superconducting single spoke cavities operating at 2K, the RF power couplers and the associated cold tuning systems. The extreme reliability specified for this project motivated to conduct ALT (Accelerated Lifetime Test) on two extra cold tuning systems in cryomodule like environment. Thus, by gathering information from experimental data, many aspects can be enhanced like maintenance plan consolidation, determination of aging indicators and design optimization of the whole system and its sub components. This paper describes the complete ALT process from the studying elements and the test environment design, to the experimental results and findings.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO23
About •	Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 17 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA03	Status and RF Devopments of ESS Bilbao RFQ	rfq, klystron, vacuum, coupling	410
	N. Garmendia, I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, P.J. González, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, S. Masa, J.L. Muñoz, .A. Rodríguez Páramo ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	Within the framework of the plans for study of a light-ion linear accelerator, ESS Bilbao is manufacturing a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) aimed at accelerating up to 3 MeV the protons generated in the ion source. The progress made and the difficulties encountered with the RFQ are discussed in this paper. A power coupler proto-type for the RFQ has been developed while several me-chanical constraints were also studied in the final cou-pler. This prototype operates at a lower power, then it can work using PEEK window for the vacuum interface and it does not require neither brazing nor cooling system. Also, a complete RF test stand is being implemented to perform the high-power conditioning in traveling and standing wave mode, to verify the power handling capa-bility of the coupler and its thermal behaviour. The RF test stand, based on EPICS environment, can provide up to 2 MW peak power at 352.2 MHz in a pulse operation of 14 Hz and a duty cycle of 4.9%.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA03
About •	Received ※ 09 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA17	Solving the USB Communication Problem of the High-Voltage Modulator Control System in the European XFEL	controls, electron, interface, FEL	451
	M. Bousonville, S. Choroba, T. Grevsmühl, S. Göller, A. Hauberg, T. Weinhausen DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	Since the commissioning of the modulators in the European XFEL in 2016, it happened from time to time that the modulator control system hung up. The reason for the problem was unknown at that time. Initially, the MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) was 10⁴ days, which was so rare that other problems with the RF system clearly dominated and were addressed first. Over the next 2 years, the error became more frequent and occurred on average every 18 days. After the winter shutdown of the XFEL in 2020, the problem became absolutely dominant, with an MTBF of 2 days. Therefore, the fault was investigated with top priority and was finally identified. Two units of the control electronics communicate via USB 2.0 with the main server. Using special measurement technology, it was possible to prove that weak signal levels in the USB signal led to bit errors and thus to the crash of the control electronics. This article describes the troubleshooting process, how to measure the signal quality of USB signals and how the problem was solved in the end.
	Poster TUPOPA17 [6.650 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA17
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA18	Test and Commissioning of the HELIAC Power Coupler	cavity, cryomodule, multipactoring, heavy-ion	454
	J. List, K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, M. Basten, C. Burandt, F.D. Dziuba, V. Gettmann, T. Kürzeder, S. Lauber, M. Miski-Oglu, S. Yaramyshev HIM, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, F.D. Dziuba, S. Lauber, J. List KPH, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, M. Basten, C. Burandt, F.D. Dziuba, V. Gettmann, T. Kürzeder, S. Lauber, J. List, M. Miski-Oglu, S. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany T. Conrad, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The superconducting continuous wave (cw) heavy ion HElmholtz LInear ACcelerator (HELIAC) is intended to be built at GSI in Darmstadt. With its high average beam current and repetition rate, the HELIAC is designed to fulfill the requirements of the super heavy element (SHE) research user program and the material sciences community at GSI. The accelerating cavities are of the superconducting Crossbar H-mode (CH) type, developed by GUF. Within the Advanced Demonstrator project, the first cryomodule, consisting of four cavities is scheduled for commissioning with beam in 2023. The former RF power couplers introduced a high heat input into the cryostat. Therefore, the coupler is redesigned at HIM in order to not only reduce the heat input but to provide an overall improved power coupler for the HELIAC. It is designed for maximal power of 5 kW cw at the frequency of 216.816 MHz. A prototype has been tested and commissioned recently. This includes several RF-tests at room temperature and in cryogenic environments. The results of these tests will be presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA18
About •	Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA29	Design Enhancements for the SNS RFQ Coaxial Coupler	rfq, coupling, simulation, multipactoring	469
	G.D. Toby, C.N. Barbier, Y.W. Kang, S.W. Lee, J.S. Moss ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA A.H. Narayan ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Science. The H⁻ ion linear accelerator at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory operates with reliability that routinely surpasses 90% during scheduled beam operation. With the ambitious goal of eventually achieving at least 95% availability, several upgrade and improvement projects are ongoing. One such project is the modification of the coaxial couplers that transfer radio frequency (RF) power to the accelerator’s Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). The proposed modification utilizes stub sections and capacitive coupling to construct a physically separable assembly with DC isolation. With a separated coupler assembly, the section that includes the magnetic coupling loop can be permanently mounted to the RFQ which would eliminate the need to re-adjust the couplers after maintenance activities, upgrades, and repairs. Additionally, the modified design would provide increased multipaction suppression with DC biasing and potentially lower thermal gradients across the device. This paper presents the design and simulation results of the project.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA29
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE02	Three Years of Operation of the SPIRAL2 LINAC: Cryogenics and Superconducting RF Feedback	cavity, cryogenics, cryomodule, linac	479
	P.-E. Bernaudin, M. Aburas, M. Di Giacomo, A. Ghribi, P. Robillard, L. Valentin GANIL, Caen, France
	The superconducting LINAC of SPIRAL2 at the GANIL facility is in operation since October 2019. Its 26 super-conducting quarter wave resonating cavities (88 MHz) are operated at a nominal gradient of 6.5 MV/m, but most of the cavities can be operated up to 8 MV/m. They are integrated into 19 cryomodules and cooled down at 4 K by a dedicated refrigeration cryogenic system. In this paper, we will present a feedback after five years of operation of the cryogenic system, focusing on the main problems that have been faced, and on the diverse evolutions performed in order to improve the cryogenic system and to increase its reliability. We will also provide a feedback of the superconducting cavities performances status after three years of operation
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE02
About •	Received ※ 27 July 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE08	Design of a Transport System for the PIP-II HB650 Cryomodule	ISOL, cryomodule, simulation, acceleration	498
	M.T.W. Kane STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom J.P. Holzbauer Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA T.J. Jones, E.S. Jordan STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The PIP-II Project at FNAL requires the assembly of 3 high-beta 650MHz cryomodules at STFC Daresbury (DL) in the UK. These modules must be safely transported from DL to FNAL in the USA. Previous experience with cryomodule transport was leveraged at both labs to design a transport system to protect the cryomodules during transit. Requirements for the system included mitigation of shocks, drops, and vibrations, and acting as a lifting fixture. It is comprised of a tessellated steel frame which encompasses the module with a wire rope isolator arrangement which the module mounts to. The frame was designed to withstand the weight of the 12.5 tonne cryomodule in various load cases. Details of shock and vibration profiles were obtained from MIL-STD-810H and were used to guide the sizing of the isolators. The frame and the isolation system were analysed via FEA using the shock and vibration profiles as an input. The transport system was found to be suitable for the given isolation, frame stiffness, and lifting code requirements. The frame has been fabricated and successfully load tested at FNAL. It will now be road tested with a dummy cryomodule before undergoing a trial run to DL.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE08
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE09	Steady-State Cryogenic Operations for the UKRI-STFC Daresbury SRF Vertical Test Facility	cavity, cryogenics, MMI, SRF	501
	A.J. May, A.E.T. Akintola, R.K. Buckley, G. Collier, K.D. Dumbell, S. Hitchen, P.C. Hornickel, G. Hughes, C.R. Jenkins, S.M. Pattalwar, M.D. Pendleton, P.A. Smith STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	A novel vertical test facility has been developed, commissioned, and entered steady-state operations at the UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory. The cryostat is designed to test 3 jacketed superconducting RF cavities in a horizontal configuration in a single cool-down run at 2 K. The cavities are cooled with superfluid helium filled into their individual helium jackets. This reduces the liquid helium consumption by more than 70% in comparison with the conventional facilities operational elsewhere. The facility is currently undertaking a 2-year program to qualify 84 high-beta SRF cavities for the ESS (European Spallation Source) as part of the UK’s in-kind contribution. This paper reports on the steady-state operations, along with a detailed discussion of the cryogenic performance of the facility, including that of the cryoplant.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE09
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE11	Application of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in the design of SSR Cryomodule Beamlines for PIP-II Project at Fermilab	cavity, solenoid, alignment, cryomodule	507
	J. Bernardini, M. Chen, M. Parise, D. Passarelli Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02- 07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. This contribution reports the design of the main components used to interconnect SRF cavities and superconducting focusing lenses in the SSR Cryomodule beamlines, developed in the framework of the PIP-II project at Fermilab. The focus of the present contribution is on the design and testing of the edge-welded bellows according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The activities performed to qualify the bellows to be assembled in cleanroom, for operation in high vacuum, cryogenic environments, and their characterization from magnetic standpoint, will also be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE11
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE17	Fabrication Experience of the Pre-Production PIP-II SSR2 Cavities at Fermilab	cavity, niobium, SRF, target	529
	M. Parise, D. Passarelli, V. Roger Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA P. Duchesne, D. Longuevergne Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II, [1]) linac will in- clude 35 Single Spoke Resonators type 2 (SSR2). A total of eight pre-production SSR2 jacketed cavities will be procured and five installed in the first pre-production cryomodule. The mechanical design of the jacketed cavity has been finalized and it will be presented in this paper along with fabrication and processing experience. The importance of interfaces, quality controls and procurement aspects in the design phase will be remarked as well as lessons learned during the fabri- cation process. Furthermore, development studies will be presented together with other design validation tests.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE17
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 16 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE19	Status of the New Intense Heavy Ion DTL Project Alvarez 2.0 at GSI	cavity, DTL, quadrupole, focusing	537
	L. Groening, T. Dettinger, X. Du, M. Heilmann, M. Kaiser, E. Merz, S. Mickat, A. Rubin, C. Xiao GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The Alvarez-type post-stripper DTL at GSI accelerates intense ion beams with A/q <= 8.5 from 1.4 to 11.4 MeV/u. After more than 45 years of operation it suffers from aging and its design does not meet the requirements of the upcoming FAIR project. The design of a new 10⁸ MHz Alvarez-type DTL has been completed and series components for the 55 m long DTL are under production. In preparation, a first cavity section as First of Series has been operated at nominal RF-parameters. Additionally, a prototype drift tube with internal pulsed quadrupole has been built and operated at nominal parameters successfully. High quality of copper-plating of large components and add-on parts has been achieved within the ambitious specifications. This contribution summarizes the current project status of Alvarez 2.0 at GSI and sketches the future path to completion.
	Slides TUPOGE19 [1.197 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE19
About •	Received ※ 18 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH1AA05	R&D of Liquid Lithium Stripper at FRIB	vacuum, experiment, heavy-ion, controls	668
	T. Kanemura, N.K. Bultman, R. Madendorp, F. Marti, T. Maruta, Y. Momozaki, J.A. Nolen, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA D.B. Chojnowski, Y. Momozaki, J.A. Nolen, C.B. Reed, J.R. Specht ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA M.J. LaVere MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under Award Number DE-SC0000661 Charge stripping is one of the most important processes in the acceleration of intense heavy ion beams, and the charge stripper greatly affects the performance of the accelerator facility. In this talk, the design method and the achieved performance of the liquid lithium stripper recently developed for FRIB will be reported.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides TH1AA05 [1.663 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH1AA05
About •	Received ※ 10 August 2022 — Revised ※ 20 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH2AA02	RF System Performance in the SwissFEL Linac	klystron, linac, FEL, multipactoring	679
	C.D. Beard, J. Alex, H.-H. Braun, P. Craievich, Z. Geng, N. Hiller, R. Kalt, C. Kittel, T. Lippuner, T.G. Lucas, M. Pedrozzi, E. Prat, S. Reiche, T. Schietinger, W.T. Tron, D. Voulot, R. Zennaro PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The Hard X-ray FEL machine SwissFEL at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland is commissioned and transiting to user operation smoothly. FEL operation requires stringent requirements for the beam stability at the linac output, such as the electron bunch arrival time, peak current and beam energy. Among other things, a highly stable RF system is required to guarantee the beam stability. RF performance often dominates the overall performance and availability of FELs, and for this reason the SwissFEL RF system has been designed based on the state-of-the-art technologies that have enabled excellent RF stability, resulting in an arrival time jitter of ~10 fs rms and relative beam energy stability of 10^-4 rms. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the peak performance of the RF systems and to highlight possible limitation currently faced, focusing on the S-, C- and X-Band systems.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides TH2AA02 [4.813 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH2AA02
About •	Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH1PA02	Production, Test and Installation of the ESS Spoke, Medium and High Beta Cryomodules	cavity, cryomodule, linac, MMI	685
	C.G. Maiano ESS, Lund, Sweden
	We present here an overview of the ESS cryomodule production, test and preparation to tunnel installation, covering both families of modules: spoke and elliptical. Cryomodules and cavities for the ESS linac are in-kind contribution by several of the project partners.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides TH1PA02 [2.190 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH1PA02
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOJO07	Status and Reliability Enhancements of the ALBA Linac	linac, klystron, booster, gun	703
	D. Lanaia, R. Muñoz Horta, F. Pérez ALBA-CELLS, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
	Along the years, efforts to enhance the ALBA Linac performances and reliability have been devoted, resulting in an improvement of the Linac to Booster beam transmission efficiency, and of its mean time between failures. The performance enhancement has been based on the use of optimization and control routines of the beam parameters, but also by the application of regular preventive hardware maintenance procedures. Besides, the Linac reliability has been improved also by the implementation of alternative working modes in case of hardware failures, like operating at 67 MeV, with only one klystron and one accelerating section. In this respect, a new upgrade of the RF waveguide system is being implemented, with the aim to produce 80 MeV electron beam using only one klystron that will feed both accelerating sections. Furthermore, the possibility to install a thermionic RF-gun to inject directly into the first accelerating section is under study, ensuring the Linac’s reliability even in case of a major event. Details of the Linac performance during the past years and a description of the new hardware upgrades are presented in this work.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOJO07
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOJO12	LCLS-II-HE Cryomodule Testing at Fermilab	cavity, cryomodule, radiation, plasma	721
	A.T. Cravatta, T.T. Arkan, D. Bafia, B.E. Chase, M. Checchin, C. Contreras-Martinez, B. Giaccone, B.J. Hansen, E.R. Harms, B.D. Hartsell, J.A. Kaluzny, D.D. Lambert, J.N. Makara, H. Maniar, M. Martinello, Y.M. Pischalnikov, S. Posen, J. Reid, N. Solyak, D. Sun, A. Syed, R. Wang, M.J. White, G. Wu Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA S. Aderhold, A.L. Benwell, J.D. Fuerst, D. Gonnella, T. Hiatt, S.L. Hoobler, J.T. Maniscalco, J. Nelson, L.M. Zacarias SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA L.R. Doolittle, S. Paiagua, C. Serrano LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	22 Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) cryomodules were successfully tested at the Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) at Fermilab. Following the completion of the LCLS-II testing program, CMTF has shifted to testing cryomodules for the LCLS-II High Energy upgrade (LCLS-II-HE). The first LCLS-II-HE cryomodule, the verification cryomodule (vCM), was successfully tested and verified the readiness of LCLS-II-HE cryomodule testing at CMTF, and production cryomodule testing has begun. Presented here are the production cryomodule test acceptance criteria, testing plan, and cryomodule test results so far.
	Poster THPOJO12 [0.899 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOJO12
About •	Received ※ 18 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA09	High Stability Klystron Modulator for Commercial Accelerator Application	klystron, controls, power-supply, high-voltage	762
	M.K. Kempkes, M. Benjnane, C. Chipman, M.P.J. Gaudreau, A. Heindel, Z. Ruan, R.E. Simpson, H. von Kelsch Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
	Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) designed and developed a high stability modulator system for a commercial linear accelerator application. The DTI modulator delivers significant advantages in klystron performance through highly reliable functionality as well as flicker- and droop-free operation from 50-500 microseconds up to 400 Hz (duty limited). The main assemblies on the DTI system consist of a controls rack, high voltage power supply (HVPS), modulator, and cooling manifolds for the modulator, high voltage power supply and klystron tube. Two HVPS (upgradeable to four) provide stable and accurate DC voltage which is used to drive a CPI VKP-8352C UHF-band pulsed klystron for the linear accelerator. A solid state series switch, based on DTI’s patented design, provides both pulse control and arc protection to the klystron. Operating with four HVPS, the DTI modulator is able to operate at a maximum average power of ~750 kW at 10⁵ kV, 47 A nominal. At the end of the initial contract, DTI provided two systems and a total of four HVPS (two of which are used with each system).
	Poster THPOPA09 [0.736 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA09
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA14	MTCA.4-Based LLRF System Prototype Status for MYRRHA	LLRF, cavity, cryomodule, EPICS	771
	C. Joly, S. Berthelot, N. Gandolfo, J. Rozé, J.-F. Yaniche Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France J-L. Bolli, I. Garcia, C. Gaudin IOXOS Technologies, Gland, Switzerland O. Bourrion, D. Tourres LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France S. Boussa, W. De Cock, P. Della Faille, F. Pompon, E. Verhagen SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
	Within the framework of MINERVA, the first Phase of MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) project, IN2P3 labs are in charge of the development of several accelerator elements. Among those, a fully equipped Spoke cryomodule prototype was constructed. It integrates two superconducting single spoke cavities operating at 2K, the RF power couplers and the associated cold tuning systems. On the control side, a MTCA.4-based Low Level RadioFrequency (LLRF) system prototype has been implemented by IJCLab including FPGA specific firmware, a new µRTM frequency downconverter module from the company IOxOS Technologies and EPICS developments in collaboration with the SCK•CEN. The status of the LLRF system will be shown as well as its preliminary tests results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA14
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA15	Anomaly Detection Based Quench Detection System for CW Operation of SRF Cavities	cavity, experiment, SRF, superconductivity	775
	G. Martino, A. Bellandi, J. Branlard, A. Eichler, H. Schlarb DESY, Hamburg, Germany S. Aderhold, A.L. Benwell, D. Gonnella, S.L. Hoobler, J. Nelson, R.D. Porter, A. Ratti, L.M. Zacarias SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA L.R. Doolittle LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA G. Fey Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
	Funding: This work is supported by DASHH (Data Science in Hamburg - HELMHOLTZ Graduate School for the Structure of Matter) under Grant No.: HIDSS-0002. Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are used in modern particle accelerators to take advantage of their very high quality factor (Q). A higher Q means that a higher RF field can be sustained, and a higher acceleration can be produced in the cavity for length unity. However, in certain situations, e.g., too high RF field, the SRF cavities can experience quenches that risk creating damage due to the rapid increase in the heat load. This is especially negative in continuous wave (CW) operation due to the impossibility of the system to recover during the off-load period. The design goal of a quench-detection system is to protect the system without being a limiting factor during the operation. In this paper, we compare two different classification approaches for improving a quench detection system. We perform tests using traces recorded from LCLS-II and show that the ARSENAL classifier outperforms a CNN classifier in terms of accuracy.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA15
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 25 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA23	Digital LLRF System Development and Implementation at the APS Linac	linac, LLRF, klystron, controls	792
	Y. Yang, J.M. Byrd, G.I. Fystro, D.A. Meyer, A. Nassiri, A.F. Pietryla, T.L. Smith, Y. Sun ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA B. Baričevič I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
	The current analog LLRF systems which have supported the APS linac operation for over 25 years, will be replaced with digital LLRF systems utilizing the latest commercially available electronics technology. A customized LLRF system has been developed as the next-generation APS linac controller. Two systems have been manufactured and delivered to the APS. On-site tests demonstrated they met the APS linac operation requirements with the first system expected to be integrated into APS linac operation this year.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA23
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA24	First SELAP Algorithm Operational Experience of the New LLRF 3.0 RF Control System	cavity, LLRF, controls, FPGA	795
	T.E. Plawski, R. Bachimanchi, S. Higgins, C. Hovater, J. Latshaw, C.I. Mounts JLab, Newport News, Virgina, USA
	The JLAB LLRF 3.0 system has been developed and is replacing the 30-year-old LLRF systems in the CEBAF accelerator. The LLRF system builds upon 25 years of design and operational RF control experience (digital and analog), and our recent collaboration in the design of the LCLSII LLRF system. The new system also incorporates a cavity control algorithm using a fully functional phase and amplitude locked Self Exciting Loop (SELAP). The first system (controlling 8 cavities) was installed and commissioned in August of 2021. Since then the new LLRF system has been operating with cavity gradients up to 20 MV/m, and electron beam currents up to 350 uA. This paper discusses the operational experience of the LLRF 3.0 SELAP algorithm along with other software and firmware tools like cavity and klystron characterization and quench detection. T. E. Plawski et al., ’JLAB LLRF 3.0 Development and Tests’, in Proc. 12th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC’21), Campinas, Brazil, May 2021, pp
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA24
About •	Received ※ 10 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA26	Machine Learning Assisted Cavity Quench Identification at the European XFEL	cavity, FEL, software, hardware	798
	J. Branlard, A. Eichler, J.H.K. Timm, N. Walker DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	A server-based quench detection system is used since the beginning of operation at the European XFEL (2017) to stop driving superconducting cavities if they experience a quench. While this approach effectively detects quenches, it also generates false positives, tripping the accelerating stations when failures other than quenches occur. Using the post-mortem data snapshots generated for every trip, an additional signal (referred to as residual) is systematically computed based on the standard cavity model. Following an initial training on a set of such residuals derived from quench as well as non-quench events, two independent machine learning engines analyze routinely the trip snapshots and their residuals to identify if a trip was indeed triggered by a quench or has another root cause. The outcome of the analysis is automatically appended to the data snapshots and distributed to a team of experts. This constitutes a fully deployed example of machine-learning-assisted failure classification to identify quenches, supporting experts in their daily routine of monitoring and documenting the accelerator uptime and availability.
	Slides THPOPA26 [0.695 MB]
	Poster THPOPA26 [0.975 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA26
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOGE05	Some Interesting Observations During Vertical Test on ESS-HB-704 SRF Cavities	cavity, accelerating-gradient, MMI, SRF	812
	K.D. Dumbell, A.E.T. Akintola, R.K. Buckley, M.J. Ellis, S. Hitchen, P.C. Hornickel, C.R. Jenkins, J. Lewis, A.J. May, P.A. McIntosh, K.J. Middleman, A.J. Moss, S.M. Pattalwar, M.D. Pendleton, P.A. Smith, A.E. Wheelhouse, S. Wilde STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M.D. Hancock, J. Hathaway, C. Hodgkinson, G. Jones, M. Lowe, D.A. Mason, G. Miller, J. Mutch, A. Oates, J.T.G. Wilson STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The vertical test stand in use at Daresbury has three cavities loaded horizontally at different heights. The jacketed cavities are supplied with liquid helium from a header tank at the top of the configuration. A few cavities have been tested in different positions and the results have been analysed. The pressure of the helium inside the jacketed cavities is affected by the height of the liquid helium column above the jacket and using results from earlier analysis during cool-down enables the pressure of the cavity to be determined from the frequency of operation. Analysis of the effects may allow for corrections to the frequency to be made. In addition to the above observations there have also been some challenges in the operation at higher power as the phase of the self-excited loop driving the system, has been seen to change. This paper discusses some of the observation, analysis of those observations and challenges that are being addressed in the continuing use of this facility.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOGE05
About •	Received ※ 10 August 2022 — Revised ※ 13 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOGE10	RF Characterisation of Bulk Niobium and Thin Film Coated Planar Samples at 7.8 GHz	cavity, SRF, site, superconducting-RF	818
	D.J. Seal, G. Burt, O.B. Malyshev, B.S. Sian, R. Valizadeh Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G. Burt, D.J. Seal, B.S. Sian Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom E. Chyhyrynets, C. Pira INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy O. Hryhorenko, D. Longuevergne Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France O.B. Malyshev, E.A. Marshall, R. Valizadeh STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom H.S. Marks Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
	Research is ongoing into the use of superconducting thin films to replace bulk niobium for future radio frequency (RF) cavities. A key part of this research requires measuring the RF properties of candidate films. However, coating and testing thin films on full-sized cavities is both costly and time-consuming. Instead, films are typically deposited on small, flat samples and characterised using a test cavity. A cost-effective facility for testing such samples has recently been built and commissioned at Daresbury Laboratory. The facility allows for low power surface resistance measurements at a resonant frequency of 7.8 GHz, temperatures down to 4 K and sample surface magnetic fields up to 1 mT. A brief overview of this facility as well as recent results from measurements of both bulk Nb and thin film coated samples will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOGE10
About •	Received ※ 11 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPORI15	Operation of the CLARA Linear Accelerator with 2.5 Cell 10 Hz Photocathode Gun with Interchangeable Photocathodes	cathode, gun, cavity, MMI	854
	B.L. Militsyn, D. Angal-Kalinin, A.R. Bainbridge, L.S. Cowie, A.J. Gilfellon, F. Jackson, N.Y. Joshi, K.J. Middleman, K.T. Morrow, T.C.Q. Noakes, M.D. Roper, R. Valizadeh, D.A. Walsh STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom R.J. Cash, B.D. Fell, T.J. Jones, A.J. Vick STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	During commissioning and operation run in 2021-2022 the photoinjector of the CLARA-VELA facility a 2.5 cell cavity S-band photocathode gun originally developed for the APEX experiment was used. The copper back wall of the cavity also served as the gun photocathode. In order to reduce significant time required for replacement and/or reactivation of the photocathode and improve the flexibility of the injector the gun has been upgraded for operation with DESY/INFN style interchangeable photocathodes. This upgrade included a new design of the cavity back wall to accommodate the photocathode socket and equipping the gun with a load-lock system. Modification of the gun also required replacement of the bucking coil, which zeros field in the photocathode emission plane. After the upgrade, the gun was commissioned and then operated with a hybrid Cu/Mo photocathode during the last two years. During winter-spring 2022 experimental run the gun steadily operated with a cathode field of 60 MV/m, limited by the RF power available and with an off-centre diamond turned photocathode which delivered stable bunches with a charge of 100 pC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI15
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPORI16	Machine Learning for RF Breakdown Detection at CLARA	cavity, network, detector, gun	858
	A.E. Pollard, D.J. Dunning, A.J. Gilfellon STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Maximising the accelerating gradient of RF structures is fundamental to improving accelerator facility performance and cost-effectiveness. Structures must be subjected to a conditioning process before operational use, in which the gradient is gradually increased up to the operating value. A limiting effect during this process is breakdown or vacuum arcing, which can cause damage that limits the ultimate operating gradient. Techniques to efficiently condition the cavities while minimising the number of breakdowns are therefore important. In this paper, machine learning techniques are applied to detect breakdown events in RF pulse traces by approaching the problem as anomaly detection, using a variational autoencoder. This process detects deviations from normal operation and classifies them with near perfect accuracy. Offline data from various sources has been used to develop the techniques, which we aim to test at the CLARA facility at Daresbury Laboratory. Deployment of the machine learning system on the high repetition rate gun upgrade at CLARA has begun.
	Poster THPORI16 [2.099 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI16
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 October 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FR1AA03	Status and Challenges at TRIUMF ISAC Facility	cavity, ISAC, linac, LLRF	866
	Z.Y. Yao, Z.T. Ang, T. Au, K. Fong, X.L. Fu, J.J. Keir, P. Kolb, D. Lang, R.E. Laxdal, R. Leewe, Y. Ma, B. Matheson, R.S. Sekhon, B.S. Waraich, Q. Zheng, V. Zvyagintsev TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	The ISAC facility uses the ISOL technique to produce radioactive ions for experiments. The post-accelerator consists of a room temperature linac (ISAC-I) and a su-perconducting linac (ISAC-II). After more than two dec-ades of beam delivery in ISAC, the RF systems have met various challenges regarding increased operation require-ments, system stability issues and performance improve-ments. This paper discusses the detailed challenges in recent years in both ISAC-I and ISAC-II. The upgrade plan or mitigation solution to address each challenge is reported respectively. A hint of the long-term vision at ISAC is also briefly described at the end of the paper.

	please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos
	Slides FR1AA03 [6.986 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-FR1AA03
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MO1AA01

Upgrades and Developments at the ISIS Linac

rfq, linac, MEBT, quadrupole

1

A.P. Letchford
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

The ISIS Spallation Neutron Source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK has a 70 MeV H⁻ linac operating at 202.5 MHz. The linac consists of a 665 keV RFQ and a 4-tank Drift Tube Linac (DTL). In order to ensure continued reliability, increase performance and lay the groundwork for possible facility upgrades in the future a programme of R&D has been taking place in recent years. This paper will discuss three components of that programme: the complete replacement of DTL Tank 4; the design of a Medium Energy beam Transport (MEBT) between the RFQ and DTL; and the Front End Test Stand (FETS), a demonstrator for the front end of a future high current, high energy linac.

Slides MO1AA01 [26.001 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1AA01

About •

Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MO1PA01

Beam Commissioning and Integrated Test of the PIP-II Injector Test Facility

cavity, MMI, cryomodule, MEBT

13

E. Pozdeyev, R. Andrews, C.M. Baffes, M. Ball, C. Boffo, R. Campos, J.-P. Carneiro, B.E. Chase, A.Z. Chen, D.J. Crawford, J. Czajkowski, N. Eddy, M. El Baz, M.G. Geelhoed, V.M. Grzelak, P.M. Hanlet, B.M. Hanna, B.J. Hansen, E.R. Harms, B.F. Harrison, M.A. Ibrahim, K.R. Kendziora, M.J. Kucera, D.D. Lambert, J.R. Leibfritz, P. Lyalyutskyy, J.N. Makara, H. Maniar, L. Merminga, R. Neswold, D.J. Nicklaus, J.P. Ozelis, D. Passarelli, N. Patel, D.W. Peterson, L.R. Prost, G.W. Saewert, A. Saini, V.E. Scarpine, A.V. Shemyakin, J. Steimel, A.I. Sukhanov, P. Varghese, R. Wang, A. Warner, G. Wu, R.M. Zifko
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
V.K. Mishra, M.M. Pande, K. Singh, Vikas. Teotia
BARC, Mumbai, India

The PIP-II Injector Test (PIP2IT) facility is a near-complete low energy portion of the Superconducting PIP-II linac driver. PIP2IT comprises the warm front end and the first two PIP-II superconducting cryomodules. PIP2IT is designed to accelerate a 2 mA H⁻ beam to an energy of 20 MeV. The facility serves as a testbed for a number of advanced technologies required to operate PIP-II and provides an opportunity to gain experience with commissioning of the superconducting linac, significantly reducing project technical risks. Some PIP2IT components are contributions from international partners, who also lend their expertise to the accelerator project. The project has been successfully commissioned with the beam in 2021, demonstrating the performance required for the LBNF/DUNE. In this paper, we describe the facility and its critical systems. We discuss our experience with the integrated testing and beam commissioning of PIP2IT, and present commissioning results. This important milestone ushers in a new era at Fermilab of proton beam delivery using superconducting radio-frequency accelerators.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides MO1PA01 [2.714 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1PA01

About •

Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MO1PA03

First Years of Linac4 RF Operation

linac, klystron, controls, rfq

25

S. Ramberger, R. Wegner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Following the construction, commissioning, run-in, and connection, in 2021 Linac4 at CERN saw its successful start-up to full operation. Being composed primarily of RF systems, occupying most of the tunnel and the equipment hall, a coordinated effort has been put in place by 4 RF teams providing cavities, amplifier chains, low-level RF and general control systems. While all parts came together with impressive performance from day one, many details required a considerable debugging effort to achieve the requested availability of at least 95% from first operation in the synchrotron complex. This talk will focus on issues in equipment reliability, radiation to electronics, thermal stability, systems interaction, as well as a few aspects of complex low-level RF setup. It will also discuss decisions taken with respect to spare policies and upgrades for the coming years.

Slides MO1PA03 [3.992 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1PA03

About •

Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO10

The Linac Test Facility at Daresbury Laboratory

linac, electron, photon, controls

47

A.E. Wheelhouse, R. Schnuerer
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
H.L. Gasson, N. Patel, D.H. Rowlands, I. Tahir
Teledyne-e2v UK Ltd, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
R. Schnuerer
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The LINAC Test Facility (LTF) based at Daresbury Laboratory supports research and development of applications in medical, security, and environmental technologies through the operation of a Compact LINAC. This facility has been operated and upgraded over several years and this work has been performed in a collaboration between STFC and Teledyne e2v, enabling the facility to deliver an increased accelerating gradient of 6 MeV, which has broadened the capability to provide testing of radiotherapy and security scanning technologies. This paper de-scribes the developments undertaken, the benefits gained by both parties, and future planned improvements.

Poster MOPOJO10 [0.707 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO10

About •

Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO19

Programmable SLED System for Single Bunch and Multibunch Linac Operation

klystron, linac, cavity, LLRF

73

C. Christou, P. Gu, A. Tropp
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The Diamond Light Source pre-injector linac generates single bunch and multibunch 100 MeV electron beams for top-up and fill of the storage ring. The linac is powered by two high-power 3 GHz klystrons, and both klystrons are required for reliable injection into the booster and storage ring. In order to introduce redundancy, a SLED pulse compression cavity has been installed so that the linac can operate from just one klystron, with the second klystron held as a standby. A simple phase flip can be used to generate a high-power transient RF spike, suitable for single bunch linac operation, and a programmable amplitude and phase drive profile can be specified to generate a constant-power klystron output suitable for multibunch operation. Details are presented of design, installation and high-power operation of the SLED system, and the ability to generate a long pulse, including corrections for klystron nonlinearity and deviations from modulator flat-top, is demonstrated.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO19

About •

Received ※ 09 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA03

Beam-Transient-Based LLRF Voltage Signal Calibration for the European XFEL

cavity, FEL, LLRF, linac

80

N. Walker, V. Ayvazyan, J. Branlard, S. Pfeiffer, Ch. Schmidt
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

The European XFEL linac consists of 25 superconducting RF (SRF) stations. With the exception of the first station which is part of the injector, each station comprises 32 1.3-GHz SRF TESLA cavities, driven by a single 10-MW klystron. A sophisticated state-of-the-art low-level RF (LLRF) system maintains the complex vector sum of each RF station. Monitoring and maintaining the calibration of the cavity electric field (gradient) probe signals has proven critical in achieving the maximum energy performance and availability of the SRF linac. Since there are no dedicated diagnostics for cross-checking calibration of the LLRF system, a procedure has been implemented based on simultaneously measuring the beam transient in open-loop operation of all cavities. Based on methods originally developed at FLASH, the European XFEL procedure makes use of automation and the XFEL LLRF DAQ system to provide a robust and relatively fast (minutes) way of extracting the transient data, and is now routinely scheduled once per week. In this paper, we will report on the background, implementation, analysis methods, typical results, and their subsequent application for machine operation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA03

About •

Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 27 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA15

Three Years of Operation of the SPIRAL2 SC LINAC- RF Feedback

cavity, linac, LLRF, controls

98

M. Di Giacomo, M. Aburas, P.-E. Bernaudin, O. Delahaye, A. Dubosq, A. Ghribi, J.-M. Lagniel, J.F. Leyge, G. Normand, A.K. Orduz, F. Pillon, L. Valentin
GANIL, Caen, France
F. Bouly
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
S. Sube
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France

The superconducting LINAC of SPIRAL2 at the GANIL facility has been in operation since October 2019. The accelerator uses 12 low beta and 14 high beta supercon-ducting quarter wave cavities, cooled at 4°K, working at 88 MHz. The cavities are operated at a nominal gradient of 6.5 MV/m and are independently powered by a LLRF and a solid-state amplifier, protected by a circulator. Pro-ton and deuteron beam currents can reach 5 mA and beam loading perturbation is particularly strong on the first cavities, as they are operated at field levels much lower than the nominal one. This paper presents a feedback after three years of oper-ation, focuses on the RF issues, describing problems and required improvement on the low level, control and pow-er systems

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA15

About •

Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 17 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA17

RF Commissioning of the First-of-Series Cavity Section of the Alvarez 2.0 at GSI

cavity, DTL, vacuum, coupling

106

M. Heilmann, L. Groening, C. Herr, M. Hoerr, S. Mickat, B. Schlitt, G. Schreiber
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The existing post-stripper DTL of the GSI UNILAC will be replaced with the new Alvarez 2.0 DTL to serve as the injector chain for the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). The 10⁸.4 MHz Alvarez 2.0 DTL with a total length of 55 meters has an input energy of 1.36 MeV/u and the output energy is 11.32 MeV/u. The presented First-of-Series (FoS) cavity section with 11 drift tubes and a total length of 1.9 m is the first part of the first cavity of the Alvarez 2.0 DTL. After copper plating and assembly of the cavity the RF-conditioning started in July 2021. These proceeding gives an overview on the results of the successfully RF-conditioning to reach the necessary gap voltage for uranium operation including a comfortable safety margin.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA17

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA18

High Intensity Heavy Ion Beam Optimization at GSI UNILAC

emittance, heavy-ion, brilliance, rfq

110

H. Vormann, W.A. Barth, M. Miski-Oglu, U. Scheeler, M. Vossberg, S. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

To improve the UNILAC’s performance for the upcoming use as heavy ion injector for the FAIR accelerator chain, dedicated beam investigations have been carried out. In particular measurements with Bismuth and Uranium beams require the highest accelerating voltages and powers of the rf cavities, the rf transmitters and the magnet power converters. After four years without Uranium operation (resp. with Uranium, but restricted cavity voltages), the UNILAC has now been operated again with a performance close to that of former years. Several upgrade measures will improve the UNILAC capability. In combination with the prototype pulsed gas stripper with hydrogen gas, beam intensities not far below the FAIR requirements can already now be expected.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA18

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA21

RF Beam Sweeper for Purifying In-Flight Produced Rare Isotope Beams at ATLAS Facility

high-voltage, experiment, simulation, controls

122

S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, A.C. Araujo Martinez, J. Peña González, A.Yu. Smirnov
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
B. Mustapha
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under SBIR grant DE-SC0019719.
RadiaBeam is developing an RF beam sweeper for puri-fying in-flight produced rare isotope beams at the ATLAS facility of Argonne National Laboratory. The device will operate in two frequency regimes ’ 6 MHz and 12 MHz ’ each providing a 150 kV deflecting voltage, which dou-bles the capabilities of the existing ATLAS sweeper. In this paper, we present the design of a high-voltage RF sweeper and discuss the electromagnetic, beam dynamics, and solid-state power source for this device.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA21

About •

Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA22

High-Gradient Accelerating Structure for Hadron Therapy Linac, Operating at kHz Repetition Rates

linac, GUI, klystron, hadron

126

S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, A.C. Araujo Martinez, A.Yu. Smirnov, S.U. Thielk
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
V.A. Dolgashev
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
B. Mustapha, G. Ye
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under STTR grant DE-SC0015717 and Accelerator Stewardship Grant, Proposal No. 0000219678.
Argonne National Laboratory and RadiaBeam have designed the Advanced Compact Carbon Ion Linac (ACCIL) for the acceleration of carbon an proton beams up to the energies of 450 MeV/u, required for image-guided hadron therapy. Recently, this project has been enhanced with the capability of fast tumour tracking and treatment through the 4D spot scanning technique. Such solution offers a promising approach to simultaneously reduce the cost and improve the quality of the treatment. In this paper, we report the design of an accelerating structure, capable of operating up to 1000 pulses per second. The linac utilizes an RF pulse compressor for use with commercially available klystrons, which will dramatically reduce the price of the system.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA22

About •

Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOPA24

High-Brightness RFQ Injector for LANSCE Multi-Beam Operation

rfq, emittance, quadrupole, solenoid

130

Y.K. Batygin, D.A.D. Dimitrov, I. Draganić, D.V. Gorelov, E. Henestroza, S.S. Kurennoy
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Funding: Work supported by US DOE under contract 89233218CNA000001
The unique feature of the LANSCE accelerator facility is multi beam operation. Accelerator delivers 100 MeV H⁺ and 800 MeV H⁻ beams to five experimental areas. The LANSCE front end is equipped with two independent injectors for H⁺ and H⁻ beams, merging at the entrance of a Drift Tube Linac (DTL). Existing Cockcroft-Walton (CW) - based injector provides conservation of high value of beams brightness before injection into DTL. To reduce long-term operational risks and support beam delivery with high reliability, we designed an RFQ-based front end as a modern injector replacement for the CW injectors. Proposed injector includes two independent low-energy transports merging beams at the entrance of a single RFQ, which accelerates simultaneously both protons and H⁻ ions with multiple flavors of the beams. Paper discusses details of beam physics design and presents injector parameters.

Slides MOPOPA24 [3.266 MB]

Poster MOPOPA24 [5.806 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOPA24

About •

Received ※ 21 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE01

Linac Design within HITRIplus for Particle Therapy

linac, synchrotron, rfq, cavity

134

U. Ratzinger, H. Höltermann, B. Koubek, H. Podlech
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
M. Vretenar
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: EU Horizon 2020 Grant agreement No 101008548
Within the EU H2020 project HITRIplus for the development of cancer therapy with heavy ions a linac was designed. It is evolving from the concept of the 4 European cancer therapy centers applying light ions up to carbon. The new linac will in its simpliest version allow C⁴⁺ - beam injection into synchrotrons at 5 A MeV, with high beam transmission and allowing currents up to 5 mA alpha - particles. An advanced ECR - ion source will inject into an RFQ - IH-DTL combination. The DTL concept allows upgraded versions for A/q - values up to two and with beam energies of 7.1 A MeV from IH - tank2 and 10 A MeV from IH-tank3. The higher beam injection energies for light ions allow a relaxed synchrotron operation at lowest magnetic field levels. A main argument for the DTL extensions however is an additional linac function as radioisotope facility driver. The 7.1 A MeV are especially defined for the clean production of 211At, which may play a future role in cancer therapy. The linac will allow for high duty factors - up to 10%, to fulfil the needs for efficient radioisotope production. Solid state amplifiers with matched design RF power levels (up to 600 kW for IH3) will be used.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE01

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE09

Commissioning Status of the iBNCT Accelerator

target, neutron, rfq, radiation

164

M. Sato, Z. Fang, M.K. Fukuda, Y. Fukui, K. Futatsukawa, K. Ikegami, H. Kobayashi, C. Kubota, T. Kurihara, T. Miura, T. Miyajima, F. Naito, K. Nanmo, T. Obina, T. Shibata, T. Sugimura, A. Takagi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Kumada, Y. Matsumoto, Su. Tanaka
Tsukuba University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
N. Nagura, T. Ohba
Nippon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Tokai, Japan
H. Oguri
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
T. Toyoshima
ATOX, Ibaraki, Japan

An accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been studied intensively in recent years as one of the new cancer therapies after many clinical research with nuclear reactors. In the iBNCT project, the accelerator configuration consists of an RFQ and a DTL which have proven achievements in J-PARC. Meanwhile, a high duty factor is required to have a sufficient thermal neutron flux needed by BNCT treatments. After a failure of the klystron power supply occurred in Feb. 2019, beam operation was resumed in May 2020. To date, an average current of about 2 mA with the beam repetition rate of 75 Hz has been achieved with stable operation. Irradiation tests with cells and mice are ongoing together with characteristic measurements of the neutron beam. In parallel with that, we have been gradually improving the accelerator cooling-water system for further stability. In this contribution, the present status and prospects of the iBNCT accelerator are reported.

Slides MOPOGE09 [0.852 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE09

About •

Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 30 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE15

Operation of the H⁻ Linac at FNAL

linac, quadrupole, rfq, diagnostics

184

K. Seiya, T.A. Butler, A. Hartman, D.C. Jones, V.V. Kapin, S. Moua, J.-F. Ostiguy, R. Ridgway, R.V. Sharankova, B.S. Stanzil, C.-Y. Tan, M.E. Wesley
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.W. Mwaniki
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA

The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Linac has been in operation for 52 years. the Linac delivers H⁻ ions at 400 MeV and injects protons by charge exchange into the Booster synchrotron. Despite its age, the Linac is the most stable accelerator in the FNAL complex, reliably sending 22 mA in daily operations. We will discuss the status of the operation, beam studies, and plans.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE15

About •

Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI02

Implementation of an Advanced MicroTCA.4-based Digitizer for Monitoring Comb-Like Beam at the J-PARC Linac

linac, monitoring, DTL, MEBT

219

E. Cicek, K. Futatsukawa, T. Miyao, S. Mizobata
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
N. Hayashi, A. Miura, K. Moriya
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) linac beam pulse, generated by a beam chopper system placed at the MEBT, comprises a series of intermediate pulses with a comb-like structure synchronized with the radio-frequency of the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). The sequentially measuring and monitoring the comb-like beam pulse ensures the beam stability with less beam loss at the current operation and higher beam intensity scenarios at the J-PARC. However, signal processing as a function of the pulse structure is challenging using a general-purpose digitizer, and monitoring the entire macro pulse during the beam operation is unavailable. To this end, an advanced beam monitor digitizer complying with the MicroTCA.4 (MicroTelecommunications Computing Architecture.4) standard, including digital signal processing functions, has been developed. This paper reports the implementation, performance evaluation, and the first results of this unique beam monitor digitizer.

Poster MOPORI02 [7.902 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI02

About •

Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 22 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI05

Application of Virtual Diagnostics in the FEBE Clara User Area

diagnostics, simulation, instrumentation, quadrupole

231

J. Wolfenden, C. Swain, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
D.J. Dunning, J.K. Jones, T.H. Pacey, A.E. Pollard
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C. Swain, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This work is supported by the AWAKE-UK phase II project funded by STFC and the STFC Cockcroft core grant No. ST/G008248/1.
Successful user experiments at particle beam facilities are dependent upon the awareness of beam characteristics at the interaction point. Often, properties are measured beforehand for fixed operation modes; users then rely on the long-term stability of the beam. Otherwise, diagnostics must be integrated into a user experiment, costing resources and limiting space in the user area. This contribution proposes the application of machine learning to develop a suite of virtual diagnostic systems. Virtual diagnostics take data at easy to access locations, and infer beam properties at locations where a measurement has not been taken, and often cannot be taken. Here the focus is the user area at the planned Full Energy Beam Exploitation (FEBE) upgrade to the CLARA facility (UK). Presented is a simulation-based proof-of-concept for a variety of virtual diagnostics. Transverse and longitudinal properties are measured upstream of the user area, coupled with the beam optics parameters leading to the user area, and input into a neural network, to predict the same parameters within the user area. Potential instrumentation for FEBE CLARA virtual diagnostics will also be discussed.

Poster MOPORI05 [0.613 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI05

About •

Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI08

Beam Mapping Linearity Improvement in Multi-Dimensional Bunch Shape Monitor

cavity, electron, focusing, detector

239

S.V. Kutsaev, R.B. Agustsson, A.C. Araujo Martinez, A. Moro, A.Yu. Smirnov, K.V. Taletski
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
A.V. Aleksandrov, A.A. Menshov
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-SC0020590.
RadiaBeam is developing a Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) with improved performance that incorporates three major innovations. First, the collection efficiency is im-proved by adding a focusing field between the wire and the entrance slit. Second, a new design of an RF deflector improves beam linearity. Finally, the design is augmented with both a movable wire and a microwave deflecting cavity to add functionality and enable measuring the transverse profile as a wire scanner. In this paper, we pre-sent the design of the BSM and its sub-systems.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI08

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI12

Development of Commercial RFQ Toward CW Applications

cavity, rfq, MMI, neutron

255

H. Yamauchi, M. Masuoka
Time Corporation, Hiroshima, Japan

TIME Co. developed a new 4-vane RFQ structure that can be used for a very high-duty factor operation. We eliminated the tuners to flatten the field distribution. The tuners increase RF contacts which may trigger unex-pected local heat spots and subsequent discharges. In addition, we hollowed out the entire vane to achieve large cooling water channels. A high-power test showed that the commissioning was completed within one day. We could input a nominal RF power without experienc-ing almost any discharge. The applied duty factor was 5 % at the 200 MHz resonant frequency, and the meas-ured frequency shift was not detected.
These activities have been carried out in collaboration with Tokyo Institute of Technology and RIKEN.

Slides MOPORI12 [1.877 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI12

About •

Received ※ 26 August 2022 — Revised ※ 04 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI13

On the UNILAC Pulsed Gas Stripper at GSI

target, vacuum, controls, heavy-ion

258

P. Gerhard, M.T. Maier
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The UNILAC will serve as injector linac for heavy ion beams for the future FAIR, with the commissioning being anticipated in 2025. One of the crucial steps in the course of acceleration along the UNILAC is the stripping of the ions by a gas stripper in front of the main linac. Its efficiency is decisive in reaching the intensities required and may be increased by more than 50% by introducing hydrogen as stripping target, instead of the nitrogen used so far. This requires the stripper to be operated in a pulsed mode, since otherwise the pumping speed is not sufficient to maintain suitable vacuum conditions. The proof of principle was demonstrated in 2016*. A dedicated project aims for a setup suitable for routine operation. Main issues are safety, reliability and automated operation. We report on the development done since 2016 and give an overview of the realisation coming within the next few years. Results from systematic measurements on the properties of the valves and their impact on the properties of the stripping target are presented.
* P. Scharrer et al., Developments on the 1.4 MeV/u Pulsed Gas Stripper Cell, in Proc. LINAC2016, East Lansing, MI, USA, Sep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2016-TUOP03

Poster MOPORI13 [1.908 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI13

About •

Received ※ 05 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI18

Overview of STFC Daresbury Laboratory Vacuum Operations for the Testing of ESS High Beta Cavities.

cavity, vacuum, SRF, detector

268

S. Wilde, K.J. Middleman, M.D. Pendleton, J.O.W. Poynton
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
D.A. Mason, G. Miller, J. Mutch
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
K.J. Middleman
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

This paper describes the vacuum systems and operations that are used at the STFC Daresbury Laboratory SuRF lab during cold RF testing of ESS high beta RF accelerating cavities. Dedicated slow pump slow vent (SPSV) systems are used to perform vacuum acceptance testing of each cavity before, during and after cold RF testing. Details of the vacuum systems, support facilities, acceptance criteria and test results will be discussed in detail.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI18

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI23

High-Power Testing Results of X-Band RF-Window and 45 Degrees Spiral Load

GUI, Windows, klystron, controls

279

M. Boronat, H. Bursali, N. Catalán Lasheras, A. Grudiev, G. McMonagle, I. Syratchev
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The X-Band test facilities at CERN have been running for some years now qualifying CLIC structure prototypes but also developing and testing high power general-purpose X-Band components, used in a wide range of applications. Driven by operational needs, several components have been redesigned and tested aiming to optimize the reliability and the compactness of the full system and therefore enhancing the accessibility of this technology inside and outside CERN. To this extent, a new high-power RF-window has been designed and tested aiming to avoid unnecessary venting of high-power sections already conditioned, easing the interventions, and protecting the klystrons. A new spiral load prototype has also been designed, built, and tested, optimizing the compactness, and improving the fabrication process. In these pages, the design and manufacturing for each component will be shortly described, along with the last results on the high-power testing.

Poster MOPORI23 [2.275 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI23

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TU1AA02

Compact, Turn-Key SRF Accelerators

cavity, cryomodule, SRF, controls

290

N.A. Stilin, A.T. Holic, M. Liepe, T.I. O’Connell, J. Sears, V.D. Shemelin, J. Turco
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

The development of simpler, compact Superconducting RF (SRF) systems represents a new subject of research in accelerator science. These compact accelerators rely on advancements made to both Nb₃Sn SRF cavities and commercial cryocoolers, which together allow for the removal of liquid cryogenics from the system. This approach to SRF cavity operation, based on novel conduction cooling schemes, has the potential to drastically extend the range of application of SRF technology. By offering robust, non-expert, turn-key operation, such systems enable the use of SRF accelerators for industrial, medical, and small-scale science applications. This presentation will provide an overview of the significant progress being made at Cornell, Jefferson Lab, and Fermilab (FNAL), including stable cavity operation at 10 MV/m. It will also introduce the primary challenges of this new field and their potential solutions, along with an overview of the various applications which could benefit the most from this technology.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides TU1AA02 [4.683 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU1AA02

About •

Received ※ 29 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TU2AA02

SPIRAL2 Final Commissioning Results

MMI, linac, cavity, rfq

314

A.K. Orduz, P.-E. Bernaudin, M. Di Giacomo, R. Ferdinand, B. Jacquot, O. Kamalou, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand, A. Savalle
GANIL, Caen, France
D.U. Uriot
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France

The commissioning of SPIRAL2 was carried out in different steps and slots from 2014 to end 2021. In a first phase, the proton-deuteron and heavy ion sources, LEBT lines and RFQ were commissioned and validated with A/Q=1 up to 3 particles. The validation of the MEBT (between the RFQ and the linac, including the Single Bunch Selector), linac and HEBT lines (up to the beam dump and to the NFS experimental room) started on July 2019, when GANIL received the authorization to operate SPIRAL2. The linac tuning is now validated with H⁺, 4He2+ and D⁺ and nominal H⁺ and D⁺ beams were sent to NFS for physics experiments. The main results obtained during the commissioning stages and the strategy used by the commissioning team are presented.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides TU2AA02 [3.724 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU2AA02

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TU2AA04

Commissioning of IFMIF Prototype Accelerator Towards CW Operation

rfq, MMI, simulation, linac

319

K. Masuda, T. Akagi, A. De Franco, T. Ebisawa, K. Hasegawa, K. Hirosawa, J. Hyun, T. Itagaki, A. Kasugai, K. Kondo, K. Kumagai, S. Kwon, A. Mizuno, Y. Shimosaki, M. Sugimoto
QST Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan
T. Akagi, Y. Carin, F. Cismondi, A. De Franco, D. Gex, K. Hirosawa, K. Kumagai, S. Kwon, K. Masuda, I. Moya, F. Scantamburlo, M. Sugimoto
IFMIF/EVEDA PT, Aomori, Japan
L. Antoniazzi, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, A. Facco, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
F. Arranz, B. Brañas, J. Castellanos, D. Gavela, D. Jimenez-Rey, Á. Marchena, J. Mollá, P. Méndez, O. Nomen, C. Oliver, I. Podadera, D. Regidor, A. Ros, V. Villamayor, M. Weber, C. de la Morena
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
N. Bazin, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, S. Chel, J. Marroncle
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
P. Cara, Y. Carin, F. Cismondi, G. Duglue, H. Dzitko, D. Gex, A. Jokinen, I. Moya, G. Phillips, F. Scantamburlo
F4E, Germany
A. Mizuno
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo-ken, Japan
Y. Shimosaki
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Construction and validation of the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) have been conducted under the framework of the IFMIF/EVEDA project. The LIPAc consists, in its final configuration, of a 100 keV injector and the world longest 5 MeV RFQ accelerator, followed by a MEBT with high space charged and beam loaded re-buncher cavities, an HWR-SRF linac, HEBT with a Diagnostic Plate, ending in a Beam Dump (BD) designed to stop the world highest deuteron current of 125 mA CW at 9 MeV. The beam commissioning at a low duty cycle of ~0.1 % led to a successful RFQ acceleration of 125 mA and 5 MeV beam in 2019. The following beam commissioning phase was initiated in July 2021 with a temporary transport line replacing the SRF linac. The major goals of this phase are to validate the RFQ, MEBT and BD performances up to CW and to characterize the beam properties in preparation to the final configuration with the SRF linac. This paper will present progresses made in this phase so far, such as a low-current and low-duty beam commissioning completed in Dec. 2021, CW operation campaign of the injector towards the nominal beam current, and RF conditioning of the RFQ towards CW.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides TU2AA04 [6.731 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU2AA04

About •

Received ※ 27 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO09

High Power RF Conditioning of the ESS DTL1

DTL, cavity, vacuum, controls

356

F. Grespan, C. Baltador, L. Bellan, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, M.G. Giacchini, M. Montis, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
F. Grespan, B. Jones, L. Page, A.G. Sosa, E. Trachanas, R. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden
D.J.P. Nicosia
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The first tank of Drift Tube Linac (DTL) for the European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS), delivered by INFN, has been installed in the ESS tunnel in Summer 2021. The DTL-1 is designed to accelerate a 62.5 mA proton beam from 3.62 MeV up to 21 MeV. It consists of 61 accelerating gaps, alternate with 60 drift tubes equipped with Permanent Magnet Quadrupole (PMQ) in a FODO lattice. The remaining drift tubes are equipped with dipole correctors (steerers), beam position monitors (BPMs) or empty. The total length of the cavity is 7.6 m and it is stabilized by post couplers. Two waveguide couplers feed the DTL with the 2.2 MW of RF power required for beam operation, equally divided by RF power losses and beam power. This paper first presents the main systems required for the DTL conditioning. Then it summarizes the main steps and results of this high power RF conditioning done at ESS to prepare the DTL for the consequent beam commissioning.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO09

About •

Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO23

Accelerated Lifetime Test of Spoke Cavity Cold Tuning Systems for Myrrha

cavity, cryomodule, SRF, vacuum

406

N. Gandolfo, S. Blivet, F. Chatelet, V. Delpech, D. Le Dréan, G. Mavilla, M. Pierens, H. Saugnac
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France

Within the framework of MINERVA, the first Phase of MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) project, IN2P3 labs are in charge of the developments of several accelerator elements. Among those, a fully equipped Spoke cryomodule prototype was constructed, it integrates two superconducting single spoke cavities operating at 2K, the RF power couplers and the associated cold tuning systems. The extreme reliability specified for this project motivated to conduct ALT (Accelerated Lifetime Test) on two extra cold tuning systems in cryomodule like environment. Thus, by gathering information from experimental data, many aspects can be enhanced like maintenance plan consolidation, determination of aging indicators and design optimization of the whole system and its sub components. This paper describes the complete ALT process from the studying elements and the test environment design, to the experimental results and findings.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO23

About •

Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 17 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA03

Status and RF Devopments of ESS Bilbao RFQ

rfq, klystron, vacuum, coupling

410

N. Garmendia, I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, P.J. González, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, S. Masa, J.L. Muñoz, .A. Rodríguez Páramo
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

Within the framework of the plans for study of a light-ion linear accelerator, ESS Bilbao is manufacturing a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) aimed at accelerating up to 3 MeV the protons generated in the ion source. The progress made and the difficulties encountered with the RFQ are discussed in this paper. A power coupler proto-type for the RFQ has been developed while several me-chanical constraints were also studied in the final cou-pler. This prototype operates at a lower power, then it can work using PEEK window for the vacuum interface and it does not require neither brazing nor cooling system. Also, a complete RF test stand is being implemented to perform the high-power conditioning in traveling and standing wave mode, to verify the power handling capa-bility of the coupler and its thermal behaviour. The RF test stand, based on EPICS environment, can provide up to 2 MW peak power at 352.2 MHz in a pulse operation of 14 Hz and a duty cycle of 4.9%.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA03

About •

Received ※ 09 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA17

Solving the USB Communication Problem of the High-Voltage Modulator Control System in the European XFEL

controls, electron, interface, FEL

451

M. Bousonville, S. Choroba, T. Grevsmühl, S. Göller, A. Hauberg, T. Weinhausen
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

Since the commissioning of the modulators in the European XFEL in 2016, it happened from time to time that the modulator control system hung up. The reason for the problem was unknown at that time. Initially, the MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) was 10⁴ days, which was so rare that other problems with the RF system clearly dominated and were addressed first. Over the next 2 years, the error became more frequent and occurred on average every 18 days. After the winter shutdown of the XFEL in 2020, the problem became absolutely dominant, with an MTBF of 2 days. Therefore, the fault was investigated with top priority and was finally identified. Two units of the control electronics communicate via USB 2.0 with the main server. Using special measurement technology, it was possible to prove that weak signal levels in the USB signal led to bit errors and thus to the crash of the control electronics. This article describes the troubleshooting process, how to measure the signal quality of USB signals and how the problem was solved in the end.

Poster TUPOPA17 [6.650 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA17

About •

Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA18

Test and Commissioning of the HELIAC Power Coupler

cavity, cryomodule, multipactoring, heavy-ion

454

J. List, K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, M. Basten, C. Burandt, F.D. Dziuba, V. Gettmann, T. Kürzeder, S. Lauber, M. Miski-Oglu, S. Yaramyshev
HIM, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, F.D. Dziuba, S. Lauber, J. List
KPH, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, M. Basten, C. Burandt, F.D. Dziuba, V. Gettmann, T. Kürzeder, S. Lauber, J. List, M. Miski-Oglu, S. Yaramyshev
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
T. Conrad, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The superconducting continuous wave (cw) heavy ion HElmholtz LInear ACcelerator (HELIAC) is intended to be built at GSI in Darmstadt. With its high average beam current and repetition rate, the HELIAC is designed to fulfill the requirements of the super heavy element (SHE) research user program and the material sciences community at GSI. The accelerating cavities are of the superconducting Crossbar H-mode (CH) type, developed by GUF. Within the Advanced Demonstrator project, the first cryomodule, consisting of four cavities is scheduled for commissioning with beam in 2023. The former RF power couplers introduced a high heat input into the cryostat. Therefore, the coupler is redesigned at HIM in order to not only reduce the heat input but to provide an overall improved power coupler for the HELIAC. It is designed for maximal power of 5 kW cw at the frequency of 216.816 MHz. A prototype has been tested and commissioned recently. This includes several RF-tests at room temperature and in cryogenic environments. The results of these tests will be presented in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA18

About •

Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOPA29

Design Enhancements for the SNS RFQ Coaxial Coupler

rfq, coupling, simulation, multipactoring

469

G.D. Toby, C.N. Barbier, Y.W. Kang, S.W. Lee, J.S. Moss
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
A.H. Narayan
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Science.
The H⁻ ion linear accelerator at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory operates with reliability that routinely surpasses 90% during scheduled beam operation. With the ambitious goal of eventually achieving at least 95% availability, several upgrade and improvement projects are ongoing. One such project is the modification of the coaxial couplers that transfer radio frequency (RF) power to the accelerator’s Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). The proposed modification utilizes stub sections and capacitive coupling to construct a physically separable assembly with DC isolation. With a separated coupler assembly, the section that includes the magnetic coupling loop can be permanently mounted to the RFQ which would eliminate the need to re-adjust the couplers after maintenance activities, upgrades, and repairs. Additionally, the modified design would provide increased multipaction suppression with DC biasing and potentially lower thermal gradients across the device. This paper presents the design and simulation results of the project.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA29

About •

Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE02

Three Years of Operation of the SPIRAL2 LINAC: Cryogenics and Superconducting RF Feedback

cavity, cryogenics, cryomodule, linac

479

P.-E. Bernaudin, M. Aburas, M. Di Giacomo, A. Ghribi, P. Robillard, L. Valentin
GANIL, Caen, France

The superconducting LINAC of SPIRAL2 at the GANIL facility is in operation since October 2019. Its 26 super-conducting quarter wave resonating cavities (88 MHz) are operated at a nominal gradient of 6.5 MV/m, but most of the cavities can be operated up to 8 MV/m. They are integrated into 19 cryomodules and cooled down at 4 K by a dedicated refrigeration cryogenic system. In this paper, we will present a feedback after five years of operation of the cryogenic system, focusing on the main problems that have been faced, and on the diverse evolutions performed in order to improve the cryogenic system and to increase its reliability. We will also provide a feedback of the superconducting cavities performances status after three years of operation

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE02

About •

Received ※ 27 July 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE08

Design of a Transport System for the PIP-II HB650 Cryomodule

ISOL, cryomodule, simulation, acceleration

498

M.T.W. Kane
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
J.P. Holzbauer
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
T.J. Jones, E.S. Jordan
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The PIP-II Project at FNAL requires the assembly of 3 high-beta 650MHz cryomodules at STFC Daresbury (DL) in the UK. These modules must be safely transported from DL to FNAL in the USA. Previous experience with cryomodule transport was leveraged at both labs to design a transport system to protect the cryomodules during transit. Requirements for the system included mitigation of shocks, drops, and vibrations, and acting as a lifting fixture. It is comprised of a tessellated steel frame which encompasses the module with a wire rope isolator arrangement which the module mounts to. The frame was designed to withstand the weight of the 12.5 tonne cryomodule in various load cases. Details of shock and vibration profiles were obtained from MIL-STD-810H and were used to guide the sizing of the isolators. The frame and the isolation system were analysed via FEA using the shock and vibration profiles as an input. The transport system was found to be suitable for the given isolation, frame stiffness, and lifting code requirements. The frame has been fabricated and successfully load tested at FNAL. It will now be road tested with a dummy cryomodule before undergoing a trial run to DL.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE08

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE09

Steady-State Cryogenic Operations for the UKRI-STFC Daresbury SRF Vertical Test Facility

cavity, cryogenics, MMI, SRF

501

A.J. May, A.E.T. Akintola, R.K. Buckley, G. Collier, K.D. Dumbell, S. Hitchen, P.C. Hornickel, G. Hughes, C.R. Jenkins, S.M. Pattalwar, M.D. Pendleton, P.A. Smith
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

A novel vertical test facility has been developed, commissioned, and entered steady-state operations at the UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory. The cryostat is designed to test 3 jacketed superconducting RF cavities in a horizontal configuration in a single cool-down run at 2 K. The cavities are cooled with superfluid helium filled into their individual helium jackets. This reduces the liquid helium consumption by more than 70% in comparison with the conventional facilities operational elsewhere. The facility is currently undertaking a 2-year program to qualify 84 high-beta SRF cavities for the ESS (European Spallation Source) as part of the UK’s in-kind contribution. This paper reports on the steady-state operations, along with a detailed discussion of the cryogenic performance of the facility, including that of the cryoplant.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE09

About •

Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE11

Application of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in the design of SSR Cryomodule Beamlines for PIP-II Project at Fermilab

cavity, solenoid, alignment, cryomodule

507

J. Bernardini, M. Chen, M. Parise, D. Passarelli
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02- 07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
This contribution reports the design of the main components used to interconnect SRF cavities and superconducting focusing lenses in the SSR Cryomodule beamlines, developed in the framework of the PIP-II project at Fermilab. The focus of the present contribution is on the design and testing of the edge-welded bellows according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The activities performed to qualify the bellows to be assembled in cleanroom, for operation in high vacuum, cryogenic environments, and their characterization from magnetic standpoint, will also be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE11

About •

Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE17

Fabrication Experience of the Pre-Production PIP-II SSR2 Cavities at Fermilab

cavity, niobium, SRF, target

529

M. Parise, D. Passarelli, V. Roger
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
P. Duchesne, D. Longuevergne
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II, [1]) linac will in- clude 35 Single Spoke Resonators type 2 (SSR2). A total of eight pre-production SSR2 jacketed cavities will be procured and five installed in the first pre-production cryomodule. The mechanical design of the jacketed cavity has been finalized and it will be presented in this paper along with fabrication and processing experience. The importance of interfaces, quality controls and procurement aspects in the design phase will be remarked as well as lessons learned during the fabri- cation process. Furthermore, development studies will be presented together with other design validation tests.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE17

About •

Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 16 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE19

Status of the New Intense Heavy Ion DTL Project Alvarez 2.0 at GSI

cavity, DTL, quadrupole, focusing

537

L. Groening, T. Dettinger, X. Du, M. Heilmann, M. Kaiser, E. Merz, S. Mickat, A. Rubin, C. Xiao
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The Alvarez-type post-stripper DTL at GSI accelerates intense ion beams with A/q <= 8.5 from 1.4 to 11.4 MeV/u. After more than 45 years of operation it suffers from aging and its design does not meet the requirements of the upcoming FAIR project. The design of a new 10⁸ MHz Alvarez-type DTL has been completed and series components for the 55 m long DTL are under production. In preparation, a first cavity section as First of Series has been operated at nominal RF-parameters. Additionally, a prototype drift tube with internal pulsed quadrupole has been built and operated at nominal parameters successfully. High quality of copper-plating of large components and add-on parts has been achieved within the ambitious specifications. This contribution summarizes the current project status of Alvarez 2.0 at GSI and sketches the future path to completion.

Slides TUPOGE19 [1.197 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE19

About •

Received ※ 18 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH1AA05

R&D of Liquid Lithium Stripper at FRIB

vacuum, experiment, heavy-ion, controls

668

T. Kanemura, N.K. Bultman, R. Madendorp, F. Marti, T. Maruta, Y. Momozaki, J.A. Nolen, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
D.B. Chojnowski, Y. Momozaki, J.A. Nolen, C.B. Reed, J.R. Specht
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
M.J. LaVere
MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under Award Number DE-SC0000661
Charge stripping is one of the most important processes in the acceleration of intense heavy ion beams, and the charge stripper greatly affects the performance of the accelerator facility. In this talk, the design method and the achieved performance of the liquid lithium stripper recently developed for FRIB will be reported.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides TH1AA05 [1.663 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH1AA05

About •

Received ※ 10 August 2022 — Revised ※ 20 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH2AA02

RF System Performance in the SwissFEL Linac

klystron, linac, FEL, multipactoring

679

C.D. Beard, J. Alex, H.-H. Braun, P. Craievich, Z. Geng, N. Hiller, R. Kalt, C. Kittel, T. Lippuner, T.G. Lucas, M. Pedrozzi, E. Prat, S. Reiche, T. Schietinger, W.T. Tron, D. Voulot, R. Zennaro
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The Hard X-ray FEL machine SwissFEL at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland is commissioned and transiting to user operation smoothly. FEL operation requires stringent requirements for the beam stability at the linac output, such as the electron bunch arrival time, peak current and beam energy. Among other things, a highly stable RF system is required to guarantee the beam stability. RF performance often dominates the overall performance and availability of FELs, and for this reason the SwissFEL RF system has been designed based on the state-of-the-art technologies that have enabled excellent RF stability, resulting in an arrival time jitter of ~10 fs rms and relative beam energy stability of 10^-4 rms. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the peak performance of the RF systems and to highlight possible limitation currently faced, focusing on the S-, C- and X-Band systems.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides TH2AA02 [4.813 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH2AA02

About •

Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TH1PA02

Production, Test and Installation of the ESS Spoke, Medium and High Beta Cryomodules

cavity, cryomodule, linac, MMI

685

C.G. Maiano
ESS, Lund, Sweden

We present here an overview of the ESS cryomodule production, test and preparation to tunnel installation, covering both families of modules: spoke and elliptical. Cryomodules and cavities for the ESS linac are in-kind contribution by several of the project partners.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides TH1PA02 [2.190 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TH1PA02

About •

Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOJO07

Status and Reliability Enhancements of the ALBA Linac

linac, klystron, booster, gun

703

D. Lanaia, R. Muñoz Horta, F. Pérez
ALBA-CELLS, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

Along the years, efforts to enhance the ALBA Linac performances and reliability have been devoted, resulting in an improvement of the Linac to Booster beam transmission efficiency, and of its mean time between failures. The performance enhancement has been based on the use of optimization and control routines of the beam parameters, but also by the application of regular preventive hardware maintenance procedures. Besides, the Linac reliability has been improved also by the implementation of alternative working modes in case of hardware failures, like operating at 67 MeV, with only one klystron and one accelerating section. In this respect, a new upgrade of the RF waveguide system is being implemented, with the aim to produce 80 MeV electron beam using only one klystron that will feed both accelerating sections. Furthermore, the possibility to install a thermionic RF-gun to inject directly into the first accelerating section is under study, ensuring the Linac’s reliability even in case of a major event. Details of the Linac performance during the past years and a description of the new hardware upgrades are presented in this work.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOJO07

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOJO12

LCLS-II-HE Cryomodule Testing at Fermilab

cavity, cryomodule, radiation, plasma

721

A.T. Cravatta, T.T. Arkan, D. Bafia, B.E. Chase, M. Checchin, C. Contreras-Martinez, B. Giaccone, B.J. Hansen, E.R. Harms, B.D. Hartsell, J.A. Kaluzny, D.D. Lambert, J.N. Makara, H. Maniar, M. Martinello, Y.M. Pischalnikov, S. Posen, J. Reid, N. Solyak, D. Sun, A. Syed, R. Wang, M.J. White, G. Wu
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S. Aderhold, A.L. Benwell, J.D. Fuerst, D. Gonnella, T. Hiatt, S.L. Hoobler, J.T. Maniscalco, J. Nelson, L.M. Zacarias
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
L.R. Doolittle, S. Paiagua, C. Serrano
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

22 Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) cryomodules were successfully tested at the Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) at Fermilab. Following the completion of the LCLS-II testing program, CMTF has shifted to testing cryomodules for the LCLS-II High Energy upgrade (LCLS-II-HE). The first LCLS-II-HE cryomodule, the verification cryomodule (vCM), was successfully tested and verified the readiness of LCLS-II-HE cryomodule testing at CMTF, and production cryomodule testing has begun. Presented here are the production cryomodule test acceptance criteria, testing plan, and cryomodule test results so far.

Poster THPOJO12 [0.899 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOJO12

About •

Received ※ 18 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 06 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA09

High Stability Klystron Modulator for Commercial Accelerator Application

klystron, controls, power-supply, high-voltage

762

M.K. Kempkes, M. Benjnane, C. Chipman, M.P.J. Gaudreau, A. Heindel, Z. Ruan, R.E. Simpson, H. von Kelsch
Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA

Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) designed and developed a high stability modulator system for a commercial linear accelerator application. The DTI modulator delivers significant advantages in klystron performance through highly reliable functionality as well as flicker- and droop-free operation from 50-500 microseconds up to 400 Hz (duty limited). The main assemblies on the DTI system consist of a controls rack, high voltage power supply (HVPS), modulator, and cooling manifolds for the modulator, high voltage power supply and klystron tube. Two HVPS (upgradeable to four) provide stable and accurate DC voltage which is used to drive a CPI VKP-8352C UHF-band pulsed klystron for the linear accelerator. A solid state series switch, based on DTI’s patented design, provides both pulse control and arc protection to the klystron. Operating with four HVPS, the DTI modulator is able to operate at a maximum average power of ~750 kW at 10⁵ kV, 47 A nominal. At the end of the initial contract, DTI provided two systems and a total of four HVPS (two of which are used with each system).

Poster THPOPA09 [0.736 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA09

About •

Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA14

MTCA.4-Based LLRF System Prototype Status for MYRRHA

LLRF, cavity, cryomodule, EPICS

771

C. Joly, S. Berthelot, N. Gandolfo, J. Rozé, J.-F. Yaniche
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
J-L. Bolli, I. Garcia, C. Gaudin
IOXOS Technologies, Gland, Switzerland
O. Bourrion, D. Tourres
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
S. Boussa, W. De Cock, P. Della Faille, F. Pompon, E. Verhagen
SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium

Within the framework of MINERVA, the first Phase of MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) project, IN2P3 labs are in charge of the development of several accelerator elements. Among those, a fully equipped Spoke cryomodule prototype was constructed. It integrates two superconducting single spoke cavities operating at 2K, the RF power couplers and the associated cold tuning systems. On the control side, a MTCA.4-based Low Level RadioFrequency (LLRF) system prototype has been implemented by IJCLab including FPGA specific firmware, a new µRTM frequency downconverter module from the company IOxOS Technologies and EPICS developments in collaboration with the SCK•CEN. The status of the LLRF system will be shown as well as its preliminary tests results.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA14

About •

Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA15

Anomaly Detection Based Quench Detection System for CW Operation of SRF Cavities

cavity, experiment, SRF, superconductivity

775

G. Martino, A. Bellandi, J. Branlard, A. Eichler, H. Schlarb
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
S. Aderhold, A.L. Benwell, D. Gonnella, S.L. Hoobler, J. Nelson, R.D. Porter, A. Ratti, L.M. Zacarias
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
L.R. Doolittle
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
G. Fey
Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany

Funding: This work is supported by DASHH (Data Science in Hamburg - HELMHOLTZ Graduate School for the Structure of Matter) under Grant No.: HIDSS-0002.
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are used in modern particle accelerators to take advantage of their very high quality factor (Q). A higher Q means that a higher RF field can be sustained, and a higher acceleration can be produced in the cavity for length unity. However, in certain situations, e.g., too high RF field, the SRF cavities can experience quenches that risk creating damage due to the rapid increase in the heat load. This is especially negative in continuous wave (CW) operation due to the impossibility of the system to recover during the off-load period. The design goal of a quench-detection system is to protect the system without being a limiting factor during the operation. In this paper, we compare two different classification approaches for improving a quench detection system. We perform tests using traces recorded from LCLS-II and show that the ARSENAL classifier outperforms a CNN classifier in terms of accuracy.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA15

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 25 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 23 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA23

Digital LLRF System Development and Implementation at the APS Linac

linac, LLRF, klystron, controls

792

Y. Yang, J.M. Byrd, G.I. Fystro, D.A. Meyer, A. Nassiri, A.F. Pietryla, T.L. Smith, Y. Sun
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
B. Baričevič
I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia

The current analog LLRF systems which have supported the APS linac operation for over 25 years, will be replaced with digital LLRF systems utilizing the latest commercially available electronics technology. A customized LLRF system has been developed as the next-generation APS linac controller. Two systems have been manufactured and delivered to the APS. On-site tests demonstrated they met the APS linac operation requirements with the first system expected to be integrated into APS linac operation this year.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA23

About •

Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA24

First SELAP Algorithm Operational Experience of the New LLRF 3.0 RF Control System

cavity, LLRF, controls, FPGA

795

T.E. Plawski, R. Bachimanchi, S. Higgins, C. Hovater, J. Latshaw, C.I. Mounts
JLab, Newport News, Virgina, USA

The JLAB LLRF 3.0 system has been developed and is replacing the 30-year-old LLRF systems in the CEBAF accelerator. The LLRF system builds upon 25 years of design and operational RF control experience (digital and analog), and our recent collaboration in the design of the LCLSII LLRF system. The new system also incorporates a cavity control algorithm using a fully functional phase and amplitude locked Self Exciting Loop (SELAP). The first system (controlling 8 cavities) was installed and commissioned in August of 2021. Since then the new LLRF system has been operating with cavity gradients up to 20 MV/m, and electron beam currents up to 350 uA. This paper discusses the operational experience of the LLRF 3.0 SELAP algorithm along with other software and firmware tools like cavity and klystron characterization and quench detection.
T. E. Plawski et al., ’JLAB LLRF 3.0 Development and Tests’, in Proc. 12th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC’21), Campinas, Brazil, May 2021, pp

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA24

About •

Received ※ 10 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 07 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOPA26

Machine Learning Assisted Cavity Quench Identification at the European XFEL

cavity, FEL, software, hardware

798

J. Branlard, A. Eichler, J.H.K. Timm, N. Walker
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

A server-based quench detection system is used since the beginning of operation at the European XFEL (2017) to stop driving superconducting cavities if they experience a quench. While this approach effectively detects quenches, it also generates false positives, tripping the accelerating stations when failures other than quenches occur. Using the post-mortem data snapshots generated for every trip, an additional signal (referred to as residual) is systematically computed based on the standard cavity model. Following an initial training on a set of such residuals derived from quench as well as non-quench events, two independent machine learning engines analyze routinely the trip snapshots and their residuals to identify if a trip was indeed triggered by a quench or has another root cause. The outcome of the analysis is automatically appended to the data snapshots and distributed to a team of experts. This constitutes a fully deployed example of machine-learning-assisted failure classification to identify quenches, supporting experts in their daily routine of monitoring and documenting the accelerator uptime and availability.

Slides THPOPA26 [0.695 MB]

Poster THPOPA26 [0.975 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOPA26

About •

Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOGE05

Some Interesting Observations During Vertical Test on ESS-HB-704 SRF Cavities

cavity, accelerating-gradient, MMI, SRF

812

K.D. Dumbell, A.E.T. Akintola, R.K. Buckley, M.J. Ellis, S. Hitchen, P.C. Hornickel, C.R. Jenkins, J. Lewis, A.J. May, P.A. McIntosh, K.J. Middleman, A.J. Moss, S.M. Pattalwar, M.D. Pendleton, P.A. Smith, A.E. Wheelhouse, S. Wilde
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M.D. Hancock, J. Hathaway, C. Hodgkinson, G. Jones, M. Lowe, D.A. Mason, G. Miller, J. Mutch, A. Oates, J.T.G. Wilson
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The vertical test stand in use at Daresbury has three cavities loaded horizontally at different heights. The jacketed cavities are supplied with liquid helium from a header tank at the top of the configuration. A few cavities have been tested in different positions and the results have been analysed. The pressure of the helium inside the jacketed cavities is affected by the height of the liquid helium column above the jacket and using results from earlier analysis during cool-down enables the pressure of the cavity to be determined from the frequency of operation. Analysis of the effects may allow for corrections to the frequency to be made. In addition to the above observations there have also been some challenges in the operation at higher power as the phase of the self-excited loop driving the system, has been seen to change. This paper discusses some of the observation, analysis of those observations and challenges that are being addressed in the continuing use of this facility.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOGE05

About •

Received ※ 10 August 2022 — Revised ※ 13 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOGE10

RF Characterisation of Bulk Niobium and Thin Film Coated Planar Samples at 7.8 GHz

cavity, SRF, site, superconducting-RF

818

D.J. Seal, G. Burt, O.B. Malyshev, B.S. Sian, R. Valizadeh
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G. Burt, D.J. Seal, B.S. Sian
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
E. Chyhyrynets, C. Pira
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
O. Hryhorenko, D. Longuevergne
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
O.B. Malyshev, E.A. Marshall, R. Valizadeh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
H.S. Marks
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

Research is ongoing into the use of superconducting thin films to replace bulk niobium for future radio frequency (RF) cavities. A key part of this research requires measuring the RF properties of candidate films. However, coating and testing thin films on full-sized cavities is both costly and time-consuming. Instead, films are typically deposited on small, flat samples and characterised using a test cavity. A cost-effective facility for testing such samples has recently been built and commissioned at Daresbury Laboratory. The facility allows for low power surface resistance measurements at a resonant frequency of 7.8 GHz, temperatures down to 4 K and sample surface magnetic fields up to 1 mT. A brief overview of this facility as well as recent results from measurements of both bulk Nb and thin film coated samples will be presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOGE10

About •

Received ※ 11 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPORI15

Operation of the CLARA Linear Accelerator with 2.5 Cell 10 Hz Photocathode Gun with Interchangeable Photocathodes

cathode, gun, cavity, MMI

854

B.L. Militsyn, D. Angal-Kalinin, A.R. Bainbridge, L.S. Cowie, A.J. Gilfellon, F. Jackson, N.Y. Joshi, K.J. Middleman, K.T. Morrow, T.C.Q. Noakes, M.D. Roper, R. Valizadeh, D.A. Walsh
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
R.J. Cash, B.D. Fell, T.J. Jones, A.J. Vick
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

During commissioning and operation run in 2021-2022 the photoinjector of the CLARA-VELA facility a 2.5 cell cavity S-band photocathode gun originally developed for the APEX experiment was used. The copper back wall of the cavity also served as the gun photocathode. In order to reduce significant time required for replacement and/or reactivation of the photocathode and improve the flexibility of the injector the gun has been upgraded for operation with DESY/INFN style interchangeable photocathodes. This upgrade included a new design of the cavity back wall to accommodate the photocathode socket and equipping the gun with a load-lock system. Modification of the gun also required replacement of the bucking coil, which zeros field in the photocathode emission plane. After the upgrade, the gun was commissioned and then operated with a hybrid Cu/Mo photocathode during the last two years. During winter-spring 2022 experimental run the gun steadily operated with a cathode field of 60 MV/m, limited by the RF power available and with an off-centre diamond turned photocathode which delivered stable bunches with a charge of 100 pC.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI15

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 08 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPORI16

Machine Learning for RF Breakdown Detection at CLARA

cavity, network, detector, gun

858

A.E. Pollard, D.J. Dunning, A.J. Gilfellon
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Maximising the accelerating gradient of RF structures is fundamental to improving accelerator facility performance and cost-effectiveness. Structures must be subjected to a conditioning process before operational use, in which the gradient is gradually increased up to the operating value. A limiting effect during this process is breakdown or vacuum arcing, which can cause damage that limits the ultimate operating gradient. Techniques to efficiently condition the cavities while minimising the number of breakdowns are therefore important. In this paper, machine learning techniques are applied to detect breakdown events in RF pulse traces by approaching the problem as anomaly detection, using a variational autoencoder. This process detects deviations from normal operation and classifies them with near perfect accuracy. Offline data from various sources has been used to develop the techniques, which we aim to test at the CLARA facility at Daresbury Laboratory. Deployment of the machine learning system on the high repetition rate gun upgrade at CLARA has begun.

Poster THPORI16 [2.099 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI16

About •

Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FR1AA03

Status and Challenges at TRIUMF ISAC Facility

cavity, ISAC, linac, LLRF

866

Z.Y. Yao, Z.T. Ang, T. Au, K. Fong, X.L. Fu, J.J. Keir, P. Kolb, D. Lang, R.E. Laxdal, R. Leewe, Y. Ma, B. Matheson, R.S. Sekhon, B.S. Waraich, Q. Zheng, V. Zvyagintsev
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

The ISAC facility uses the ISOL technique to produce radioactive ions for experiments. The post-accelerator consists of a room temperature linac (ISAC-I) and a su-perconducting linac (ISAC-II). After more than two dec-ades of beam delivery in ISAC, the RF systems have met various challenges regarding increased operation require-ments, system stability issues and performance improve-ments. This paper discusses the detailed challenges in recent years in both ISAC-I and ISAC-II. The upgrade plan or mitigation solution to address each challenge is reported respectively. A hint of the long-term vision at ISAC is also briefly described at the end of the paper.

please see instructions how to view/control embeded videos

Slides FR1AA03 [6.986 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-FR1AA03

About •

Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)