LINAC2022 - List of Keywords (proton)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOPOGE02	Status of the TOP-IMPLART Proton Linac	linac, MMI, radiation, experiment	138
	P. Nenzi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano, F. Fortini, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, E. Trinca ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy M.D. Astorino ENEA, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Frascati, Italy
	The TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for Radio Therapy) proton linac, is a RF pulsed linac, designed for protontherapy consisting of a low frequency (425 MHz) 7 MeV injector followed by a sequence of accelerating modules operating at 3 GHz under construction, assembly and test at the ENEA Frascati Research Center. The accelerator features also a vertical low energy (3-7 MeV) line for irradiation of samples in horizontal position. The segment currently completed includes 8 SCDTL modules up to 71 MeV grouped in two sections each one powered by a 10 MW klystron driven by a SCANDINOVA K100 modulator with a variable pulse length (1-5 us) at a repetition frequency of 25 Hz. The output current can be varied up to 30 uA. The beam is mainly used for radiobiology experiments and dosimetry systems tests, but the flexibility in beam characteristics makes it suitable also for applications different from protontherapy, as the irradiation of electronics components to verify their behavior in the space environment. In this work, the current status of the accelerator and beam characteristics measurements are presented with an overview of the experiments carried on it.
	Poster MOPOGE02 [7.021 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE02
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 September 2022
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MOPOGE07	High Power RF Transmission Lines of the Light Proton Therapy Linac	cavity, network, linac, controls	158
	J.L. Navarro Quirante, D. Aguilera Murciano, S. Benedetti, G. Castorina, C. Cochrane, G. De Michele, J. Douthwaite, A. Eager, S. Fanella, M. Giles, D. Kaye, V.F. Khan, J. Mannion, J. Morris, J.F. Orrett, N. Pattalwar, E. Rose, D. Soriano Guillén AVO-ADAM, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The LIGHT (Linac for Image-Guided Hadron Therapy) machine is designed to accelerate a proton beam up to 230 MeV to treat deep seated tumours. The machine consists of three different kinds of accelerators: RFQ (Radio-Frequency Quadrupole), SCDTL (Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac) and CCL (Coupled Cavity Linac). These accelerating structures are fed with RF power at 750 MHz (RFQ) and 3 GHz (SCDTLs and CCLs). This power is delivered to the accelerating structure via the high power RF transmission network (RF network). In addition, the RF network needs to offer other functionalities, like protection of the high RF power feeding stations, power splitting, phase and amplitude control and monitoring. The maximum power handling of the RF network corresponds to a peak RF power of 8 MW and an average RF power of 9 kW. It functions either in Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) conditions at an ultimate operating pressure of 10^-7 mbar, or under pressurized gas. The above listed requirements involve different challenges. In this contribution we exhibit the main aspects to be considered based on AVO experience during the commissioning of the RF network units.
	Poster MOPOGE07 [1.075 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE07
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
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MOPOGE10	A Medical Linac for Affordable Proton Therapy	cavity, linac, cyclotron, radiation	167
	S. Hunt, J. Adélise, W.D. Klotz, R. Seviour, E.D. van Garderen Alceli Limited, Aberdeen, United Kingdom D. Correia PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Proton Therapy (PT) was first proposed in the 1940s. Application of this knowledge was largely led over the next fifty years by accelerator laboratories, but now also by commercial companies. Availability of PT is increasing but is limited by three factors: facility size, prompt/induced radiation, and treatment cost. Compact cyclotrons/synchro cyclotrons for single-room facilities have reduced space requirements. linacs can avoid high radiation levels. Yet treatment costs have remained stubbornly high, driven largely by maintenance and staffing costs over the typical 20-30 year facility lifetime. Current technology cannot simultaneously reduce these three factors. By using a long linac, the Alceli approach sacrifices size limitations, to gain massive improvements in treatment cost and radiation levels. Quadrupling the length of a linac results in a sixteen-fold reduction in RF power per cavity. Along with other innovations in our design, this leads to a modular warm linac with distributed solid-state RF amplification, easy and cheap to manufacture and maintain, requiring no water cooling, and a treatment cost of 1/10th of current facilities, making PT much more affordable.
	Slides MOPOGE10 [1.934 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE10
About •	Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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MOPOGE12	Cavity R&D for HBS Accelerator	cavity, simulation, neutron, brilliance	174
	N.F. Petry, K. Kümpel, S. Lamprecht, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The demand for neutrons of various types for research is growing day by day worldwide. To meet the growing demand the Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) is in development. It is based on a high power linear proton accelerator with an end energy of 70 MeV and a proton beam current of 100 mA. The main part of the accelerator consists of about 45 CH-type cavities. As the current beam dynamic layout is still work in progress the number of cavities can change for the final design. For this beam dynamic layout the design of the CH-type cavities was optimized to handle the high accelerating gradient. The results of the performance of the CH-type cavities will be presented in this paper.
	Poster MOPOGE12 [1.286 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE12
About •	Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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MOPOGE13	Acceleration Efficiency of TE-Mode Structures for Proton Linacs	DTL, cavity, simulation, impedance	177
	J. Tamura, Y. Kondo, T. Morishita JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan F. Naito, M. Otani KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	Various types of cavity structures are typically used in hadron linacs, depending on the energy range of the beam particle. This is especially the case in a normal-conducting linac, because the cavity’s acceleration efficiency varies with the velocity of the synchronous particle. For low-energy proton acceleration, while Alvarez drift-tube linacs (DTLs) are the most prevalent, TE-mode accelerating structures, which could also be called H-mode structures, are also widely used immediately after an initial radiofrequency quadrupole linac (RFQ). At present, the representative structures of TE modes are interdigital H-mode (IH) DTL and crossbar H-mode (CH) DTL, which are based on the TE11-mode pillbox cavity and TE21-mode pillbox cavity, respectively. In this presentation, acceleration efficiency of TE-mode structures including higher-order TE-modes such as TE31 and TE41 was comparatively reviewed with Alvarez DTL. This study shows that IH-DTL and CH-DTL have a larger shunt impedance than Alvarez DTL for proton acceleration below 10 MeV, and furthermore for the TEm1-mode structures, the rotational symmetry of the electric field improves with increasing angular index m.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE13
About •	Received ※ 30 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 September 2022
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MOPOGE16	Development of High-Gradient Accelerating Structures for Proton Radiography Booster at LANSCE	cavity, booster, linac, coupling	188
	S.S. Kurennoy, Y.K. Batygin, E.R. Olivas LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
	Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV improves radiography resolution ~10 times. We propose accomplishing this energy boost with a compact cost-effective linac based on normal conducting high-gradient (HG) RF accelerating structures. Such an unusual proton linac is feasible for proton radiography (pRad), which operates with very short beam (and RF) pulses. For a compact pRad booster at LANSCE, we have developed a multi-stage design: a short L-band section to capture and compress the 800-MeV proton beam from the existing linac followed by the main HG linac based on S- and C-band cavities, and finally, by an L-band de-buncher. Here we present details of development, including EM and thermal-stress analysis, of proton HG structures with distributed RF coupling for the pRad booster. A short test structure is designed specifically for measurements at the LANL C-band RF Test Stand. S.S. Kurennoy, Y.K. Batygin. IPAC21, MOPAB210.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE16
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022
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MOPORI17	The ESS Fast Beam Interlock System: First Experience of Operating With Proton Beam	MMI, interface, controls, hardware	265
	S. Gabourin, M. Carroll, S. Kövecses de Carvalho, A. Nordt, S. Pavinato, K. Rosquist ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source (ESS), Sweden, currently in its early operation phase, aims to be the most powerful neutron source in the world. Proton beam pulses are accelerated and sent to a rotating tungsten target, where neutrons are generated via the spallation effect. The damage potential of the ESS proton beam is high and melting of copper or steel can happen within less than 5 microseconds. Therefore, highly reliable and fast machine protection (MP) systems have been designed and deployed. The core system of ESS Machine Protection is the Fast Beam Interlock System (FBIS), based on FPGA technology. FBIS collects data from all relevant accelerator and target systems through 300 direct inputs and decides whether beam operation can start or must stop. The architecture is based on two main building blocks: Decision Logic Node (DLN), executing the protection logic and realizing interfaces to Higher-Level Safety, Timing System and EPICS Control System. The second block, the Signal Condition Unit (SCU), implements the interface between FBIS inputs/outputs and DLNs. This paper gives an overview on FBIS and a summary on its performance during beam commissioning phases since 2021.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI17
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022
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MOPORI26	Limits on Standing Wave Cavity Performance Due to Thermal Effects	cavity, simulation, linac, DTL	287
	S.J. Smith, G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
	After an RF cavity has been designed, a thermal analysis is typically performed to assess the effects of RF heating on the operating frequency and field flatness. A multi-physics approach (coupled electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical) is normally employed, sometimes combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to incorporate flowing water, which is used for cooling in normal conducting structures. Performing a CFD analysis can add significant time to the design process because of the long and complex simulations and instead, approximations of the heat transfer coefficients and inlet/outlet water temperature rises are made and used directly in the multi-physics analysis. In this work, we first explore the limits of these approximations, identifying when they apply and how accurate they are. We then investigate different pipe geometries and water flow rates to find the thermal limits from RF heating on cavity performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI26
About •	Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 20 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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TU2AA01	Overview of ADS Projects in the World	linac, SRF, status, target	310
	B. Yee-Rendón JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) offer an advantageous option for the transmutation of nuclear waste. ADS employs high-intensity proton linear accelerators (linacs) to produce spallation neutrons for a subcritical reactor. Besides the challenges of any megawatt proton machine, ADS accelerator must operate with stringent reliability to avoid thermal stress in the reactor structures. Thus, ADS linacs have adopted a reliability-oriented design to satisfy the operation requirements. This work provides a review and the present status of the ADS linacs in the world.

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	Slides TU2AA01 [2.951 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU2AA01
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022
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TUPOJO02	Multi-Harmonic Buncher (MHB) Studies for Protons and Ions in ESS-Bilbao	ISOL, bunching, rfq, simulation	334
	J.L. Muñoz, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, L.C. Medina ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	Multi-harmonic buncher cavities (MHB) are used in ion linacs to increase the bunch separation so the beam can be injected in rings or used in applications like time-of-flight experiments. The ideal saw-tooth electric field profile of the buncher is achieved in practice by adding several components of its Fourier expansion (multi-harmonics). ESS-Bilbao will develop* a MHB intended to be tested in the CERN-ISOLDE facility. The design and prototyping include the buncher device itself as well as the solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) to power it. The buncher design (finite elements and beam dynamics) has been carried out to optimize it for ISOLDE beams and frequencies of 1/10th of the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) frequency. The testing of the cavity at ESS-Bilbao proton beam injector (before the RFQ) has also been studied. * In the framework of the "Agreement for the Spanish Contribution to the Upgrade of the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb Experiments and the new Projects for ISOLDE and n_TOF"
	Poster TUPOJO02 [0.802 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO02
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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TUPOJO05	Welding and Copper Plating Investigations on the FAIR Proton Linac	cavity, linac, simulation, coupling	345
	A. Seibel, T. Dettinger, C.M. Kleffner, K. Knie, C. Will GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M.S. Breidt, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany J. Egly PINK GmbH Vakuumtechnik, Wertheim, Germany
	A FAIR injector linac for the future FAIR facility is under construction. In order to meet the requirements for copper plating of the CH-cavities, a variety of tests with dummy cavities has been per-formed and compared to simulation. Further dummy cavities have been produced in order to improve the welding techniques. In addition, the results on 3d-printed stems with drift tubes will be presented.
	Poster TUPOJO05 [2.863 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO05
About •	Received ※ 08 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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TUPOJO06	Design and Test of Beam Diagnostics Equipment for the FAIR Proton Linac	linac, diagnostics, electron, beam-diagnostic	348
	T. Sieber, P. Forck, C.M. Kleffner, S. Udrea GSI, Darmstadt, Germany I. Bustinduy, .A. Rodríguez Páramo ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain J. Herranz Proactive Research and Development, Sabadell, Spain A. Navarro Fernandez CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A dedicated proton injector Linac (pLinac) for the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI, Darmstadt, is currently under construction. It will pro-vide a 68 MeV, up to 70 mA proton beam at a duty cycle of max. 35µs / 4 Hz for the SIS18 synchrotron, using the UNILAC transfer beamline. After further acceleration in SIS100, the protons are mainly used for antiproton production at the Antiproton Annihilation Darmstadt (PANDA) experiment. The Linac will operate at 325 MHz and consists of a novel so called ’Ladder’ RFQ type, followed by a chain of CH-cavities, partially coupled by rf-coupling cells. In this paper we present the beam diagnostics system for the pLinac with special emphasis on the Secondary Electron Emission (SEM) Grids and the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system. We also describe design and status of our diagnostics testbench for stepwise Linac commissioning, which includes an energy spectrometer with associated optical system. The BPMs and SEM grids have been tested with proton and argon beam during several beamtimes in 2022. The results of these experiments are presented.
	Poster TUPOJO06 [3.264 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO06
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
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TUPOJO08	Upgrade and Commissioning of the 60 keV Low Energy Beam Transport Line for the Frankfurt Neutron Source FRANZ	ion-source, rfq, MMI, LEBT	352
	H. Hähnel, A. Ateş, G. Blank, M.S. Breidt, D. Bänsch, R. Gössling, T. Metz, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Rüffer, K. Volk, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R.H. Hollinger, C. Zhang GSI, Darmstadt, Germany H. Podlech HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) for the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) has been redesigned to accommodate a 60 keV proton beam. Driven by a CHORDIS ion source, operating at 35 kV, a newly designed electrostatic postaccelerator has beeen installed to reach the desired beam energy of 60 keV. Additional upgrades to the beamline include two steerer pairs, several optical diagnostics sections and an additional faraday cup. We present the results of beam commissioning up to the point of RFQ injection. Emittance measurements were performed to prepare matching to the RFQ and improve the beam dynamics model of the low energy beamline. Due to the successful operation of the beamline at 60 keV, retrofitting of the RFQ for the new energy has been initiated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO08
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
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TUPOJO18	Cavity Qualification and Production Update for SNS-PPU Cryomodules at Jefferson Lab	cavity, cryomodule, SRF, neutron	387
	P. Dhakal, E. Daly, J.F. Fischer, N.A. Huque JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA M.P. Howell ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA J.D. Mammosser ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project at Oak Ridge National Lab’s Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) currently being constructed will double the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW by adding seven cryomodules, each containing four six-cell high-beta (β = 0.81) superconducting radio frequency cavities. Research Instruments, located in Germany, built and processed the cavities at the vendor site, including electropolishing as the final active chemistry step. Twenty-eight cavities for seven cryomodules and an additional four cavities for a spare cryomodules were delivered to Jefferson Lab and first qualification tests were completed on all cavities as received from the vendor. The performance largely exceeded the requirements on quality factor and accelerating gradient. Here we present the status of initial cavity qualification tests, rework on unqualified cavities and final cavity qualification with helium vessel prior to installation in cryomodules. In addition, an update on cryomodule production is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO18
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
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TUPOJO19	Progress on the Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source	target, cryomodule, injection, neutron	390
	M.S. Champion, C.N. Barbier, M.S. Connell, J. Galambos, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, J.S. Moss, B.W. Riemer, K.S. White ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA E. Daly JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA N.J. Evans, G.D. Johns ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA D.J. Harding Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. The Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will increase the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW. Upon completion of the project, 2 MW of beam power will be available for neutron production at the existing first target station with the remaining beam power available for the future second target station. The project will install seven superconducting RF cryomodules and supporting RF power systems and ancillaries to increase the beam energy to 1.3 GeV . The injection and extraction region of the accumulator ring will be upgraded, and a new 2 MW mercury target has been developed along with supporting equipment for high-flow gas injection to mitigate cavitation and fatigue stress. Equipment is being received from vendors and partner laboratories, and installation is underway with three major installation outages planned in 2022-2024. The project is planned to be completed in 2025.
	Poster TUPOJO19 [1.361 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO19
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 15 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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TUPOJO20	Progress of the ESS Proton Beam Imaging Systems	target, radiation, vacuum, electronics	394
	E. Adli, G. Christoforo, E.D. Fackelman, H.E. Gjersdal, O. Røhne, K.N. Sjobak University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway S. Bjorklund, S. Joshi University College West, Trollhätan, Sweden M.G. Ibison Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M.G. Ibison The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Y. Levinsen, K.E. Rosengren, T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System has as objective to image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it enters the spallation target. The Imaging System has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges : development of radiation hard photon sources, long and aperture-restricted optical paths and fast electronics required to provide rapid information in case of beam anomalies. This paper outlines how main challenges of the Imaging System have been addressed, and the status of deployment as ESS gets closer to beam.
	Poster TUPOJO20 [21.417 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO20
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
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TUPOPA09	RF Measurements and Tuning of the CERN 750 MHz ELISA-RFQ for Public Exhibition	rfq, simulation, quadrupole, factory	426
	M. Marchi, A. Grudiev, S.J. Mathot, H.W. Pommerenke CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Over the last few years CERN has successfully designed, built and commissioned the smallest RFQ to date, the one meter long PIXE-RFQ operating at 750 MHz. Its compactness offers a unique opportunity for education and public presentation of the accelerator community: A duplicate machine called ELISA-RFQ (Experimental Linac for Surface Analysis) will be exhibited in the Science Gateway, CERN’s upcoming scientific education and outreach center. It will allow the public to approach within a few centimeters a live proton beam injected into air, which is visible to the naked eye. The construction of the ELISA-RFQ has been completed in 2022. In this paper, we present the results of low-power RF measurements as well as field and frequency tuning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA09
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 18 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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TUPOPA11	Compact Proton Accelerator in UHF Band At KAHVELab	rfq, cavity, vacuum, quadrupole	434
	S. Esen, A. Adiguzel, O. Kocer, S. Oz Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey A. Caglar YTU, Istanbul, Turkey E. Celebi, E.V. Ozcan Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey E. Celebi IBU, Istanbul, Turkey A.K. Karatay, F. Yaman, Ö.H. Yilmaz IZTECH, Izmir, Turkey U. Kaya Istinye University, Institute of Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey A. Kilicgedik Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey G. Türemen Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Ankara, Turkey G. Unel UCI, Irvine, California, USA
	Funding: This project are supported by TUBITAK Project no: 118E838 Proton Test Beam at KahveLAB (Kandilli Detector, Accelerator and Instrumentation Laboratory) project aims to design and produce a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz in Istanbul, Turkey using the local resources. The beamline consists of a proton source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line including the beam diagnostic section, and the RFQ cavity itself. This RFQ is a 4-vane, 1-meter-long cavity to accelerate the 20 keV beam extracted from the plasma ion source to 2 MeV. Its engineering prototype is already produced and subjected to mechanical, low-power RF, and vacuum tests. In this poster, the results of the first test production, especially the bead-pull test setup will be discussed.
	Poster TUPOPA11 [16.128 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA11
About •	Received ※ 21 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 September 2022
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TUPOPA12	RF Measurements and Tuning of the Test Module of 800 MHz Radio-Frequency Quadrupole	rfq, quadrupole, radio-frequency, simulation	438
	A. Kilicgedik Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey A. Adiguzel, S. Esen Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey B. Baran Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey A. Caglar YTU, Istanbul, Turkey E. Celebi, E.V. Ozcan Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey U. Kaya Istinye University, Institute of Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey G. Türemen TENMAK-NUKEN, Ankara, Turkey G. Unel UCI, Irvine, California, USA F. Yaman IZTECH, Izmir, Turkey
	Funding: This project are supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Project no: 118E838 The 800 MHz RFQ (radio-frequency quadrupole), developed and built at KAHVElab (Kandilli Detector, Accelerator and Instrumentation Laboratory) at Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey, has been designed to provide protons that have an energy of 2 MeV within only 1 m length. The RFQ consists of two modules and the test module of RFQ was constructed. The algorithm developed by CERN, based on the measurements generated by the tuner settings estimated through the response matrix [1,2,3], has been optimized for a single module and 16 tuners. The desired field consistent with the simulation was obtained by bead pull measurements. In this study, we present low-power rf measurements and field tuning of the test module. [1] Koubek, B., et al., PHY. REV. ACC. AND BEAMS 20,08010(2017) [2] Koubek, B., et al., CERN-2017-0006,(2017) [3] Pommerenke, Hermann W., et al., Nuc. Inst. and Meth. in Phy. Res. Sec.A),165564(2021)
	Poster TUPOPA12 [1.699 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA12
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
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TUPORI17	Emittance Measurement from the Proton Testbeam at KAHVELab	emittance, LEBT, simulation, rfq	581
	D. Halis YTU, Istanbul, Turkey S. Aciksoz, E.V. Ozcan Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey A. Adiguzel, S. Esen, S. Oz Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey H. Cetinkaya Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kutahya, Turkey T.B. Ilhan Bogaziçi University, Kandilli Accelerator, Istanbul, Turkey A. Kilicgedik Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey S. Ogur Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France G. Unel UCI, Irvine, California, USA
	Funding: This study is supported by Istanbul University Scientific Research Commission Project ID 33250 and TUBITAK Project no : 119M774. A testbeam using a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz, to accelerate a 1.5mA proton beam to 2MeV energy has been designed, manufactured and is currently being commissioned at KAHVELab, Istanbul. The beam from the microwave discharge ion source (IS) must be matched to the RFQ via an optimized Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line. The LEBT line consists of two solenoid magnets, two stereer magnets and a beam diagnostics station named MBOX. All the beamline components are locally designed, simulated, manufactured and tested with local resources. The MBOX should be able to measure the beam current and profile, as well as the beam emittance, to ensure an accurate match between IS and RFQ. It includes a number of diagnostic tools: a Faraday Cup, a scintillator screen, and a pepper pot plate (PP). An analysis software is developed and tested for the PP photo analysis. This contribution will present the proton beamline components and will focus on the MBOX measurements, especially on the PP emittance analysis.
	Poster TUPORI17 [5.641 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI17
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 September 2022
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TUPORI27	Preliminary Study on the Implementation of the Orbit Correction to the 100 Mev Proton Linac at KOMAC	DTL, linac, simulation, GUI	613
	S. Lee, J.J. Dang, D.-H. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S.P. Yun KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by the Korean government (MIST) At Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC), we have been operating a 100 MeV linac consisting of 11 DTLs with several beam position monitors (BPMs) and steering magnets installed for the orbit correction of the proton beam. The orbit correction can be performed through the response matrix between the position measurements from the BPMs and the field strength of the steering magnets. In this work, we will show the calculated response matrix from the simulation results, and describe the detailed plans for the implementation of the orbit correction in the real linac system at KOMAC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI27
About •	Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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TUPORI28	Injector System Development for 1 MeV/n RFQ at KOMAC	rfq, ion-source, extraction, solenoid	615
	H.S. Kim KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea J.J. Dang, D.-H. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S. Lee, S.P. Yun KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through the KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by the Korean government (MSIT). A Radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) system with 200 MHz frequency and 1 MeV/n output energy is under development at KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) for multiple purposes such as a test-stand for an ion source and low energy beam transport study, ion beam implantation for semiconductors and polymers and neutron generation for material study. We developed an injector system for the RFQ, which is mainly composed of a 2.45 GHz microwave ion source, low energy beam transport with two solenoids, and a vacuum system with a diagnostic chamber. The RFQ was designed to be able to accelerate the beam with 2.5 mass-to-charge ratios (A/q) but we used the proton beam for an initial test to characterize the injector system. A Detailed describtion of the constructed injector system along with test results will be given in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI28
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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WE1AA02	Run 2 of the Advanced Plasma Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN	electron, plasma, experiment, wakefield	625
	G. Zevi Della Porta CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	After successful completion of Run 1 of the Advanced Plasma Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN, the experiment started Run 2 in 2021. The goals of AWAKE Run 2 are to accelerate electrons in proton-beam-driven plasma wakefields to high energies with gradients of up to 1 GV/m while preserving the electron beam normalized emittance at the 10 um level, and to demonstrate the acceleration of electrons in scalable plasma sources to 50-100 GeV. The first milestone towards these final goals is to demonstrate electron seeding of the self-modulation of the entire proton bunch. This was achieved in the 2021 run and some highlight results are shown. In the next phases of AWAKE Run 2, a new X-band electron source will provide a 150 MeV, 200 fs, 100 pC electron beam, to be accelerated in the plasma wakefields.

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	Slides WE1AA02 [23.386 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-WE1AA02
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022
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THPORI02	Machine Learning for Beam Orbit Correction at KOMAC Accelerator	network, controls, linac, diagnostics	848
	D.-H. Kim, J.J. Dang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S. Lee, S.P. Yun KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
	Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC op-eration fund of KAERI by Ministry of Science and ICT, the Korean government (KAERI ID no. : 524320-22) There are approaches to apply machine learning (ML) techniques to efficiently operate and optimize particle accelerators. Deep neural networks-based model is applied to experiments, correcting beam orbit through the low energy beam transport at the proton injector test stand. For more complex applications, time-series analysis model is studied to predict beam orbit in the 100-MeV beamline at KOMAC. This paper describes experimental data to train neural networks model, and presents the performance of the machine learning models.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI02
About •	Received ※ 25 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOPOGE02

Status of the TOP-IMPLART Proton Linac

linac, MMI, radiation, experiment

138

P. Nenzi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano, F. Fortini, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, V. Surrenti, E. Trinca
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
M.D. Astorino
ENEA, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Frascati, Italy

The TOP-IMPLART (Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for Radio Therapy) proton linac, is a RF pulsed linac, designed for protontherapy consisting of a low frequency (425 MHz) 7 MeV injector followed by a sequence of accelerating modules operating at 3 GHz under construction, assembly and test at the ENEA Frascati Research Center. The accelerator features also a vertical low energy (3-7 MeV) line for irradiation of samples in horizontal position. The segment currently completed includes 8 SCDTL modules up to 71 MeV grouped in two sections each one powered by a 10 MW klystron driven by a SCANDINOVA K100 modulator with a variable pulse length (1-5 us) at a repetition frequency of 25 Hz. The output current can be varied up to 30 uA. The beam is mainly used for radiobiology experiments and dosimetry systems tests, but the flexibility in beam characteristics makes it suitable also for applications different from protontherapy, as the irradiation of electronics components to verify their behavior in the space environment. In this work, the current status of the accelerator and beam characteristics measurements are presented with an overview of the experiments carried on it.

Poster MOPOGE02 [7.021 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE02

About •

Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 September 2022

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MOPOGE07

High Power RF Transmission Lines of the Light Proton Therapy Linac

cavity, network, linac, controls

158

J.L. Navarro Quirante, D. Aguilera Murciano, S. Benedetti, G. Castorina, C. Cochrane, G. De Michele, J. Douthwaite, A. Eager, S. Fanella, M. Giles, D. Kaye, V.F. Khan, J. Mannion, J. Morris, J.F. Orrett, N. Pattalwar, E. Rose, D. Soriano Guillén
AVO-ADAM, Meyrin, Switzerland

The LIGHT (Linac for Image-Guided Hadron Therapy) machine is designed to accelerate a proton beam up to 230 MeV to treat deep seated tumours. The machine consists of three different kinds of accelerators: RFQ (Radio-Frequency Quadrupole), SCDTL (Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac) and CCL (Coupled Cavity Linac). These accelerating structures are fed with RF power at 750 MHz (RFQ) and 3 GHz (SCDTLs and CCLs). This power is delivered to the accelerating structure via the high power RF transmission network (RF network). In addition, the RF network needs to offer other functionalities, like protection of the high RF power feeding stations, power splitting, phase and amplitude control and monitoring. The maximum power handling of the RF network corresponds to a peak RF power of 8 MW and an average RF power of 9 kW. It functions either in Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) conditions at an ultimate operating pressure of 10^-7 mbar, or under pressurized gas. The above listed requirements involve different challenges. In this contribution we exhibit the main aspects to be considered based on AVO experience during the commissioning of the RF network units.

Poster MOPOGE07 [1.075 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE07

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

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MOPOGE10

A Medical Linac for Affordable Proton Therapy

cavity, linac, cyclotron, radiation

167

S. Hunt, J. Adélise, W.D. Klotz, R. Seviour, E.D. van Garderen
Alceli Limited, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
D. Correia
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Proton Therapy (PT) was first proposed in the 1940s. Application of this knowledge was largely led over the next fifty years by accelerator laboratories, but now also by commercial companies. Availability of PT is increasing but is limited by three factors: facility size, prompt/induced radiation, and treatment cost. Compact cyclotrons/synchro cyclotrons for single-room facilities have reduced space requirements. linacs can avoid high radiation levels. Yet treatment costs have remained stubbornly high, driven largely by maintenance and staffing costs over the typical 20-30 year facility lifetime. Current technology cannot simultaneously reduce these three factors. By using a long linac, the Alceli approach sacrifices size limitations, to gain massive improvements in treatment cost and radiation levels. Quadrupling the length of a linac results in a sixteen-fold reduction in RF power per cavity. Along with other innovations in our design, this leads to a modular warm linac with distributed solid-state RF amplification, easy and cheap to manufacture and maintain, requiring no water cooling, and a treatment cost of 1/10th of current facilities, making PT much more affordable.

Slides MOPOGE10 [1.934 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE10

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Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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MOPOGE12

Cavity R&D for HBS Accelerator

cavity, simulation, neutron, brilliance

174

N.F. Petry, K. Kümpel, S. Lamprecht, O. Meusel, H. Podlech, M. Schwarz
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The demand for neutrons of various types for research is growing day by day worldwide. To meet the growing demand the Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) is in development. It is based on a high power linear proton accelerator with an end energy of 70 MeV and a proton beam current of 100 mA. The main part of the accelerator consists of about 45 CH-type cavities. As the current beam dynamic layout is still work in progress the number of cavities can change for the final design. For this beam dynamic layout the design of the CH-type cavities was optimized to handle the high accelerating gradient. The results of the performance of the CH-type cavities will be presented in this paper.

Poster MOPOGE12 [1.286 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE12

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Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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MOPOGE13

Acceleration Efficiency of TE-Mode Structures for Proton Linacs

DTL, cavity, simulation, impedance

177

J. Tamura, Y. Kondo, T. Morishita
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
F. Naito, M. Otani
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

Various types of cavity structures are typically used in hadron linacs, depending on the energy range of the beam particle. This is especially the case in a normal-conducting linac, because the cavity’s acceleration efficiency varies with the velocity of the synchronous particle. For low-energy proton acceleration, while Alvarez drift-tube linacs (DTLs) are the most prevalent, TE-mode accelerating structures, which could also be called H-mode structures, are also widely used immediately after an initial radiofrequency quadrupole linac (RFQ). At present, the representative structures of TE modes are interdigital H-mode (IH) DTL and crossbar H-mode (CH) DTL, which are based on the TE11-mode pillbox cavity and TE21-mode pillbox cavity, respectively. In this presentation, acceleration efficiency of TE-mode structures including higher-order TE-modes such as TE31 and TE41 was comparatively reviewed with Alvarez DTL. This study shows that IH-DTL and CH-DTL have a larger shunt impedance than Alvarez DTL for proton acceleration below 10 MeV, and furthermore for the TEm1-mode structures, the rotational symmetry of the electric field improves with increasing angular index m.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE13

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Received ※ 30 August 2022 — Revised ※ 06 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 14 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 September 2022

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MOPOGE16

Development of High-Gradient Accelerating Structures for Proton Radiography Booster at LANSCE

cavity, booster, linac, coupling

188

S.S. Kurennoy, Y.K. Batygin, E.R. Olivas
LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

Increasing energy of proton beam at LANSCE from 800 MeV to 3 GeV improves radiography resolution ~10 times. We propose accomplishing this energy boost with a compact cost-effective linac based on normal conducting high-gradient (HG) RF accelerating structures. Such an unusual proton linac is feasible for proton radiography (pRad), which operates with very short beam (and RF) pulses. For a compact pRad booster at LANSCE, we have developed a multi-stage design: a short L-band section to capture and compress the 800-MeV proton beam from the existing linac followed by the main HG linac based on S- and C-band cavities, and finally, by an L-band de-buncher*. Here we present details of development, including EM and thermal-stress analysis, of proton HG structures with distributed RF coupling for the pRad booster. A short test structure is designed specifically for measurements at the LANL C-band RF Test Stand.
* S.S. Kurennoy, Y.K. Batygin. IPAC21, MOPAB210.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE16

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Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022

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MOPORI17

The ESS Fast Beam Interlock System: First Experience of Operating With Proton Beam

MMI, interface, controls, hardware

265

S. Gabourin, M. Carroll, S. Kövecses de Carvalho, A. Nordt, S. Pavinato, K. Rosquist
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source (ESS), Sweden, currently in its early operation phase, aims to be the most powerful neutron source in the world. Proton beam pulses are accelerated and sent to a rotating tungsten target, where neutrons are generated via the spallation effect. The damage potential of the ESS proton beam is high and melting of copper or steel can happen within less than 5 microseconds. Therefore, highly reliable and fast machine protection (MP) systems have been designed and deployed. The core system of ESS Machine Protection is the Fast Beam Interlock System (FBIS), based on FPGA technology. FBIS collects data from all relevant accelerator and target systems through 300 direct inputs and decides whether beam operation can start or must stop. The architecture is based on two main building blocks: Decision Logic Node (DLN), executing the protection logic and realizing interfaces to Higher-Level Safety, Timing System and EPICS Control System. The second block, the Signal Condition Unit (SCU), implements the interface between FBIS inputs/outputs and DLNs. This paper gives an overview on FBIS and a summary on its performance during beam commissioning phases since 2021.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI17

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Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022

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MOPORI26

Limits on Standing Wave Cavity Performance Due to Thermal Effects

cavity, simulation, linac, DTL

287

S.J. Smith, G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

After an RF cavity has been designed, a thermal analysis is typically performed to assess the effects of RF heating on the operating frequency and field flatness. A multi-physics approach (coupled electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical) is normally employed, sometimes combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to incorporate flowing water, which is used for cooling in normal conducting structures. Performing a CFD analysis can add significant time to the design process because of the long and complex simulations and instead, approximations of the heat transfer coefficients and inlet/outlet water temperature rises are made and used directly in the multi-physics analysis. In this work, we first explore the limits of these approximations, identifying when they apply and how accurate they are. We then investigate different pipe geometries and water flow rates to find the thermal limits from RF heating on cavity performance.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI26

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Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 20 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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TU2AA01

Overview of ADS Projects in the World

linac, SRF, status, target

310

B. Yee-Rendón
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) offer an advantageous option for the transmutation of nuclear waste. ADS employs high-intensity proton linear accelerators (linacs) to produce spallation neutrons for a subcritical reactor. Besides the challenges of any megawatt proton machine, ADS accelerator must operate with stringent reliability to avoid thermal stress in the reactor structures. Thus, ADS linacs have adopted a reliability-oriented design to satisfy the operation requirements. This work provides a review and the present status of the ADS linacs in the world.

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Slides TU2AA01 [2.951 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU2AA01

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Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022

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TUPOJO02

Multi-Harmonic Buncher (MHB) Studies for Protons and Ions in ESS-Bilbao

ISOL, bunching, rfq, simulation

334

J.L. Muñoz, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, L.C. Medina
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

Multi-harmonic buncher cavities (MHB) are used in ion linacs to increase the bunch separation so the beam can be injected in rings or used in applications like time-of-flight experiments. The ideal saw-tooth electric field profile of the buncher is achieved in practice by adding several components of its Fourier expansion (multi-harmonics). ESS-Bilbao will develop* a MHB intended to be tested in the CERN-ISOLDE facility. The design and prototyping include the buncher device itself as well as the solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) to power it. The buncher design (finite elements and beam dynamics) has been carried out to optimize it for ISOLDE beams and frequencies of 1/10th of the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) frequency. The testing of the cavity at ESS-Bilbao proton beam injector (before the RFQ) has also been studied.
* In the framework of the "Agreement for the Spanish Contribution to the Upgrade of the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb Experiments and the new Projects for ISOLDE and n_TOF"

Poster TUPOJO02 [0.802 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO02

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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TUPOJO05

Welding and Copper Plating Investigations on the FAIR Proton Linac

cavity, linac, simulation, coupling

345

A. Seibel, T. Dettinger, C.M. Kleffner, K. Knie, C. Will
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M.S. Breidt, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
J. Egly
PINK GmbH Vakuumtechnik, Wertheim, Germany

A FAIR injector linac for the future FAIR facility is under construction. In order to meet the requirements for copper plating of the CH-cavities, a variety of tests with dummy cavities has been per-formed and compared to simulation. Further dummy cavities have been produced in order to improve the welding techniques. In addition, the results on 3d-printed stems with drift tubes will be presented.

Poster TUPOJO05 [2.863 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO05

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Received ※ 08 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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TUPOJO06

Design and Test of Beam Diagnostics Equipment for the FAIR Proton Linac

linac, diagnostics, electron, beam-diagnostic

348

T. Sieber, P. Forck, C.M. Kleffner, S. Udrea
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
I. Bustinduy, .A. Rodríguez Páramo
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
J. Herranz
Proactive Research and Development, Sabadell, Spain
A. Navarro Fernandez
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A dedicated proton injector Linac (pLinac) for the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI, Darmstadt, is currently under construction. It will pro-vide a 68 MeV, up to 70 mA proton beam at a duty cycle of max. 35µs / 4 Hz for the SIS18 synchrotron, using the UNILAC transfer beamline. After further acceleration in SIS100, the protons are mainly used for antiproton production at the Antiproton Annihilation Darmstadt (PANDA) experiment. The Linac will operate at 325 MHz and consists of a novel so called ’Ladder’ RFQ type, followed by a chain of CH-cavities, partially coupled by rf-coupling cells. In this paper we present the beam diagnostics system for the pLinac with special emphasis on the Secondary Electron Emission (SEM) Grids and the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system. We also describe design and status of our diagnostics testbench for stepwise Linac commissioning, which includes an energy spectrometer with associated optical system. The BPMs and SEM grids have been tested with proton and argon beam during several beamtimes in 2022. The results of these experiments are presented.

Poster TUPOJO06 [3.264 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO06

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022

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TUPOJO08

Upgrade and Commissioning of the 60 keV Low Energy Beam Transport Line for the Frankfurt Neutron Source FRANZ

ion-source, rfq, MMI, LEBT

352

H. Hähnel, A. Ateş, G. Blank, M.S. Breidt, D. Bänsch, R. Gössling, T. Metz, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Rüffer, K. Volk, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R.H. Hollinger, C. Zhang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Podlech
HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) for the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) has been redesigned to accommodate a 60 keV proton beam. Driven by a CHORDIS ion source, operating at 35 kV, a newly designed electrostatic postaccelerator has beeen installed to reach the desired beam energy of 60 keV. Additional upgrades to the beamline include two steerer pairs, several optical diagnostics sections and an additional faraday cup. We present the results of beam commissioning up to the point of RFQ injection. Emittance measurements were performed to prepare matching to the RFQ and improve the beam dynamics model of the low energy beamline. Due to the successful operation of the beamline at 60 keV, retrofitting of the RFQ for the new energy has been initiated.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO08

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022

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TUPOJO18

Cavity Qualification and Production Update for SNS-PPU Cryomodules at Jefferson Lab

cavity, cryomodule, SRF, neutron

387

P. Dhakal, E. Daly, J.F. Fischer, N.A. Huque
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M.P. Howell
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
J.D. Mammosser
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project at Oak Ridge National Lab’s Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) currently being constructed will double the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW by adding seven cryomodules, each containing four six-cell high-beta (β = 0.81) superconducting radio frequency cavities. Research Instruments, located in Germany, built and processed the cavities at the vendor site, including electropolishing as the final active chemistry step. Twenty-eight cavities for seven cryomodules and an additional four cavities for a spare cryomodules were delivered to Jefferson Lab and first qualification tests were completed on all cavities as received from the vendor. The performance largely exceeded the requirements on quality factor and accelerating gradient. Here we present the status of initial cavity qualification tests, rework on unqualified cavities and final cavity qualification with helium vessel prior to installation in cryomodules. In addition, an update on cryomodule production is presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO18

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Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022

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TUPOJO19

Progress on the Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source

target, cryomodule, injection, neutron

390

M.S. Champion, C.N. Barbier, M.S. Connell, J. Galambos, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, J.S. Moss, B.W. Riemer, K.S. White
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
E. Daly
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
N.J. Evans, G.D. Johns
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
D.J. Harding
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725.
The Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will increase the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW. Upon completion of the project, 2 MW of beam power will be available for neutron production at the existing first target station with the remaining beam power available for the future second target station. The project will install seven superconducting RF cryomodules and supporting RF power systems and ancillaries to increase the beam energy to 1.3 GeV . The injection and extraction region of the accumulator ring will be upgraded, and a new 2 MW mercury target has been developed along with supporting equipment for high-flow gas injection to mitigate cavitation and fatigue stress. Equipment is being received from vendors and partner laboratories, and installation is underway with three major installation outages planned in 2022-2024. The project is planned to be completed in 2025.

Poster TUPOJO19 [1.361 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO19

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 15 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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TUPOJO20

Progress of the ESS Proton Beam Imaging Systems

target, radiation, vacuum, electronics

394

E. Adli, G. Christoforo, E.D. Fackelman, H.E. Gjersdal, O. Røhne, K.N. Sjobak
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
S. Bjorklund, S. Joshi
University College West, Trollhätan, Sweden
M.G. Ibison
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M.G. Ibison
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Y. Levinsen, K.E. Rosengren, T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System has as objective to image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it enters the spallation target. The Imaging System has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges : development of radiation hard photon sources, long and aperture-restricted optical paths and fast electronics required to provide rapid information in case of beam anomalies. This paper outlines how main challenges of the Imaging System have been addressed, and the status of deployment as ESS gets closer to beam.

Poster TUPOJO20 [21.417 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO20

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

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TUPOPA09

RF Measurements and Tuning of the CERN 750 MHz ELISA-RFQ for Public Exhibition

rfq, simulation, quadrupole, factory

426

M. Marchi, A. Grudiev, S.J. Mathot, H.W. Pommerenke
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Over the last few years CERN has successfully designed, built and commissioned the smallest RFQ to date, the one meter long PIXE-RFQ operating at 750 MHz. Its compactness offers a unique opportunity for education and public presentation of the accelerator community: A duplicate machine called ELISA-RFQ (Experimental Linac for Surface Analysis) will be exhibited in the Science Gateway, CERN’s upcoming scientific education and outreach center. It will allow the public to approach within a few centimeters a live proton beam injected into air, which is visible to the naked eye. The construction of the ELISA-RFQ has been completed in 2022. In this paper, we present the results of low-power RF measurements as well as field and frequency tuning.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA09

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Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 18 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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TUPOPA11

Compact Proton Accelerator in UHF Band At KAHVELab

rfq, cavity, vacuum, quadrupole

434

S. Esen, A. Adiguzel, O. Kocer, S. Oz
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
A. Caglar
YTU, Istanbul, Turkey
E. Celebi, E.V. Ozcan
Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey
E. Celebi
IBU, Istanbul, Turkey
A.K. Karatay, F. Yaman, Ö.H. Yilmaz
IZTECH, Izmir, Turkey
U. Kaya
Istinye University, Institute of Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
A. Kilicgedik
Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
G. Türemen
Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Ankara, Turkey
G. Unel
UCI, Irvine, California, USA

Funding: This project are supported by TUBITAK Project no: 118E838
Proton Test Beam at KahveLAB (Kandilli Detector, Accelerator and Instrumentation Laboratory) project aims to design and produce a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz in Istanbul, Turkey using the local resources. The beamline consists of a proton source, a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line including the beam diagnostic section, and the RFQ cavity itself. This RFQ is a 4-vane, 1-meter-long cavity to accelerate the 20 keV beam extracted from the plasma ion source to 2 MeV. Its engineering prototype is already produced and subjected to mechanical, low-power RF, and vacuum tests. In this poster, the results of the first test production, especially the bead-pull test setup will be discussed.

Poster TUPOPA11 [16.128 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA11

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Received ※ 21 August 2022 — Revised ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 12 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 September 2022

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TUPOPA12

RF Measurements and Tuning of the Test Module of 800 MHz Radio-Frequency Quadrupole

rfq, quadrupole, radio-frequency, simulation

438

A. Kilicgedik
Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
A. Adiguzel, S. Esen
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
B. Baran
Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
A. Caglar
YTU, Istanbul, Turkey
E. Celebi, E.V. Ozcan
Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey
U. Kaya
Istinye University, Institute of Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
G. Türemen
TENMAK-NUKEN, Ankara, Turkey
G. Unel
UCI, Irvine, California, USA
F. Yaman
IZTECH, Izmir, Turkey

Funding: This project are supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Project no: 118E838
The 800 MHz RFQ (radio-frequency quadrupole), developed and built at KAHVElab (Kandilli Detector, Accelerator and Instrumentation Laboratory) at Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey, has been designed to provide protons that have an energy of 2 MeV within only 1 m length. The RFQ consists of two modules and the test module of RFQ was constructed. The algorithm developed by CERN, based on the measurements generated by the tuner settings estimated through the response matrix [1,2,3], has been optimized for a single module and 16 tuners. The desired field consistent with the simulation was obtained by bead pull measurements. In this study, we present low-power rf measurements and field tuning of the test module.
[1] Koubek, B., et al., PHY. REV. ACC. AND BEAMS 20,08010(2017)
[2] Koubek, B., et al., CERN-2017-0006,(2017)
[3] Pommerenke, Hermann W., et al., Nuc. Inst. and Meth. in Phy. Res. Sec.A),165564(2021)

Poster TUPOPA12 [1.699 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOPA12

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

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TUPORI17

Emittance Measurement from the Proton Testbeam at KAHVELab

emittance, LEBT, simulation, rfq

581

D. Halis
YTU, Istanbul, Turkey
S. Aciksoz, E.V. Ozcan
Bogazici University, Bebek / Istanbul, Turkey
A. Adiguzel, S. Esen, S. Oz
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
H. Cetinkaya
Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kutahya, Turkey
T.B. Ilhan
Bogaziçi University, Kandilli Accelerator, Istanbul, Turkey
A. Kilicgedik
Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
S. Ogur
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
G. Unel
UCI, Irvine, California, USA

Funding: This study is supported by Istanbul University Scientific Research Commission Project ID 33250 and TUBITAK Project no : 119M774.
A testbeam using a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz, to accelerate a 1.5mA proton beam to 2MeV energy has been designed, manufactured and is currently being commissioned at KAHVELab, Istanbul. The beam from the microwave discharge ion source (IS) must be matched to the RFQ via an optimized Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line. The LEBT line consists of two solenoid magnets, two stereer magnets and a beam diagnostics station named MBOX. All the beamline components are locally designed, simulated, manufactured and tested with local resources. The MBOX should be able to measure the beam current and profile, as well as the beam emittance, to ensure an accurate match between IS and RFQ. It includes a number of diagnostic tools: a Faraday Cup, a scintillator screen, and a pepper pot plate (PP). An analysis software is developed and tested for the PP photo analysis. This contribution will present the proton beamline components and will focus on the MBOX measurements, especially on the PP emittance analysis.

Poster TUPORI17 [5.641 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI17

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Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 09 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 29 September 2022

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TUPORI27

Preliminary Study on the Implementation of the Orbit Correction to the 100 Mev Proton Linac at KOMAC

DTL, linac, simulation, GUI

613

S. Lee, J.J. Dang, D.-H. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S.P. Yun
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by the Korean government (MIST)
At Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC), we have been operating a 100 MeV linac consisting of 11 DTLs with several beam position monitors (BPMs) and steering magnets installed for the orbit correction of the proton beam. The orbit correction can be performed through the response matrix between the position measurements from the BPMs and the field strength of the steering magnets. In this work, we will show the calculated response matrix from the simulation results, and describe the detailed plans for the implementation of the orbit correction in the real linac system at KOMAC.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI27

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Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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TUPORI28

Injector System Development for 1 MeV/n RFQ at KOMAC

rfq, ion-source, extraction, solenoid

615

H.S. Kim
KAERI, Daejon, Republic of Korea
J.J. Dang, D.-H. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S. Lee, S.P. Yun
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through the KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by the Korean government (MSIT).
A Radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) system with 200 MHz frequency and 1 MeV/n output energy is under development at KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) for multiple purposes such as a test-stand for an ion source and low energy beam transport study, ion beam implantation for semiconductors and polymers and neutron generation for material study. We developed an injector system for the RFQ, which is mainly composed of a 2.45 GHz microwave ion source, low energy beam transport with two solenoids, and a vacuum system with a diagnostic chamber. The RFQ was designed to be able to accelerate the beam with 2.5 mass-to-charge ratios (A/q) but we used the proton beam for an initial test to characterize the injector system. A Detailed describtion of the constructed injector system along with test results will be given in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI28

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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WE1AA02

Run 2 of the Advanced Plasma Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN

electron, plasma, experiment, wakefield

625

G. Zevi Della Porta
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

After successful completion of Run 1 of the Advanced Plasma Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN, the experiment started Run 2 in 2021. The goals of AWAKE Run 2 are to accelerate electrons in proton-beam-driven plasma wakefields to high energies with gradients of up to 1 GV/m while preserving the electron beam normalized emittance at the 10 um level, and to demonstrate the acceleration of electrons in scalable plasma sources to 50-100 GeV. The first milestone towards these final goals is to demonstrate electron seeding of the self-modulation of the entire proton bunch. This was achieved in the 2021 run and some highlight results are shown. In the next phases of AWAKE Run 2, a new X-band electron source will provide a 150 MeV, 200 fs, 100 pC electron beam, to be accelerated in the plasma wakefields.

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Slides WE1AA02 [23.386 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-WE1AA02

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022

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THPORI02

Machine Learning for Beam Orbit Correction at KOMAC Accelerator

network, controls, linac, diagnostics

848

D.-H. Kim, J.J. Dang, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S. Lee, S.P. Yun
KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea

Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC op-eration fund of KAERI by Ministry of Science and ICT, the Korean government (KAERI ID no. : 524320-22)
There are approaches to apply machine learning (ML) techniques to efficiently operate and optimize particle accelerators. Deep neural networks-based model is applied to experiments, correcting beam orbit through the low energy beam transport at the proton injector test stand. For more complex applications, time-series analysis model is studied to predict beam orbit in the 100-MeV beamline at KOMAC. This paper describes experimental data to train neural networks model, and presents the performance of the machine learning models.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI02

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Received ※ 25 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 08 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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