LINAC2022 - Classification: Proton and Ion Accelerators and Applications / Proton linac projects

Paper	Title	Page
MO1PA02	Beam Commissioning of Normal Conducting Part and Status of ESS Project	18
	R. Miyamoto, C. Amstutz, S. Armanet, R.A. Baron, E.C. Bergman, A.K. Bhattacharyya, B.E. Bolling, W. Borg, S. Calic, M. Carroll, J. Cereijo García, J. Christensson, J.D. Christie, H. Danared, C.S. Derrez, E.M. Donegani, S. Ekström, M. Eriksson, M. Eshraqi, J.F. Esteban Müller, K. Falkland, A. Forsat, S. Gabourin, A. Garcia Sosa, A.A. Gorzawski, V. Grishin, P.O. Gustavsson, S. Haghtalab, V.A. Harahap, H. Hassanzadegan, W. Hees, J.J. Jamróz, A. Jansson, M. Jensen, B. Jones, M. Juni Ferreira, M. Kalafatic, I. Kittelmann, H. Kocevar, S. Kövecses de Carvalho, E. Laface, B. Lagoguez, Y. Levinsen, M. Lindroos, A. Lundmark, M. Mansouri, C. Marrelli, C.A. Martins, J.P.S. Martins, S. Micic, N. Milas, M. Mohammednezhad, R. Montaño, M. Muñoz, G. Mörk, D.J.P. Nicosia, B. Nilsson, D. Noll, A. Nordt, T. Olsson, L. Page, D. Paulic, S. Pavinato, A. Petrushenko, D.C. Plostinar, J. Riegert, A. Rizzo, K.E. Rosengren, K. Rosquist, M. Serluca, T.J. Shea, A. Simelio, S. Slettebak, H. Spoelstra, A.M. Svensson, L. Svensson, R. Tarkeshian, L. Tchelidze, C.A. Thomas, E. Trachanas, K. Vestin, R.H. Zeng, P.L. van Velze, N. Öst ESS, Lund, Sweden C. Baltador, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, F. Grespan, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, D. Fernández-Cañoto, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, G. Harper, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, I. Mazkiaran, J.L. Muñoz, A.R. Páramo, S. Varnasseri, A.Z. Zugazaga ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain A.C. Chauveau, P. Hamel, O. Piquet CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund Sweden, will be a spallation neutron source driven by a superconducting proton linac with a design power of 5 MW. The linac features a high peak current of 62.5 mA and long pulse length of 2.86 ms with a repetition rate of 14 Hz. The normal conducting part of the linac has been undergoing beam commissioning in multiple steps, and the main focus of the beam commissioning has been on bringing systems into operation, including auxiliary ones. In 2022, beam was transported to the end of the first tank of the five-tank drift tube linac. This paper provides a summary of the beam commissioning activities at ESS and the current status of the linac.

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	Slides MO1PA02 [18.907 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1PA02
About •	Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 September 2022
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MO1PA03	First Years of Linac4 RF Operation	25
	S. Ramberger, R. Wegner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Following the construction, commissioning, run-in, and connection, in 2021 Linac4 at CERN saw its successful start-up to full operation. Being composed primarily of RF systems, occupying most of the tunnel and the equipment hall, a coordinated effort has been put in place by 4 RF teams providing cavities, amplifier chains, low-level RF and general control systems. While all parts came together with impressive performance from day one, many details required a considerable debugging effort to achieve the requested availability of at least 95% from first operation in the synchrotron complex. This talk will focus on issues in equipment reliability, radiation to electronics, thermal stability, systems interaction, as well as a few aspects of complex low-level RF setup. It will also discuss decisions taken with respect to spare policies and upgrades for the coming years.
	Slides MO1PA03 [3.992 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1PA03
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 September 2022
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TU2AA01	Overview of ADS Projects in the World	310
	B. Yee-Rendón JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) offer an advantageous option for the transmutation of nuclear waste. ADS employs high-intensity proton linear accelerators (linacs) to produce spallation neutrons for a subcritical reactor. Besides the challenges of any megawatt proton machine, ADS accelerator must operate with stringent reliability to avoid thermal stress in the reactor structures. Thus, ADS linacs have adopted a reliability-oriented design to satisfy the operation requirements. This work provides a review and the present status of the ADS linacs in the world.

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	Slides TU2AA01 [2.951 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU2AA01
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022
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TUPOJO03	Optimized Beam Optics Design of the MINERVA/MYRRHA Superconducting Proton Linac	337
	U. Dorda, L. De Keukeleere SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium F. Bouly, E. Froidefond LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France E. Bouquerel, E.K. Traykov IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France L. Perrot Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
	The MYRRHA design for an accelerator driven system (ADS) is based on a 600 MeV superconducting proton linac. The first stage towards its realization is called MINERVA and was approved in 2018 to be constructed by SCK•CEN in Belgium. This 100 MeV linac, will serve as technology demonstrator for the high MYRRHA reliability requirements as well as driver for two independent target stations, one for radio-isotope research and production of radio-isotopes for medical purposes, the other one for fusion materials research. This contribution gives an overview of the latest accelerator machine physics design with a focus on the optimized medium (17 MeV) and high energy (100 MeV) beam transfer lines.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO03
About •	Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
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TUPOJO04	R&D for the Realization of a Very High Frequency Crossbar H-Mode Drift Tube Linac	341
	M. Heilmann, C. Zhang GSI, Darmstadt, Germany H. Podlech IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	A 704.4 MHz Crossbar H-mode (CH) drift tube linac has been proposed for performing a radio frequency jump at ß = 0.2. Up to now, the highest frequency of the constructed CH cavities is 360 MHz. Simulations have shown that the operation frequency for an H210-mode cavity can be up to ~800 MHz. At 704.4 MHz, the cavity dimensions become small, which bring challenges for many practical problems e.g. construction, vacuum pumping and RF coupling. This paper presents the performed R&D studies for the realization of such a very high frequency cavity.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO04
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
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TUPOJO05	Welding and Copper Plating Investigations on the FAIR Proton Linac	345
	A. Seibel, T. Dettinger, C.M. Kleffner, K. Knie, C. Will GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M.S. Breidt, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany J. Egly PINK GmbH Vakuumtechnik, Wertheim, Germany
	A FAIR injector linac for the future FAIR facility is under construction. In order to meet the requirements for copper plating of the CH-cavities, a variety of tests with dummy cavities has been per-formed and compared to simulation. Further dummy cavities have been produced in order to improve the welding techniques. In addition, the results on 3d-printed stems with drift tubes will be presented.
	Poster TUPOJO05 [2.863 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO05
About •	Received ※ 08 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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TUPOJO06	Design and Test of Beam Diagnostics Equipment for the FAIR Proton Linac	348
	T. Sieber, P. Forck, C.M. Kleffner, S. Udrea GSI, Darmstadt, Germany I. Bustinduy, Á. Rodríguez Páramo ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain J. Herranz Proactive Research and Development, Sabadell, Spain A. Navarro Fernandez CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A dedicated proton injector Linac (pLinac) for the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI, Darmstadt, is currently under construction. It will pro-vide a 68 MeV, up to 70 mA proton beam at a duty cycle of max. 35µs / 4 Hz for the SIS18 synchrotron, using the UNILAC transfer beamline. After further acceleration in SIS100, the protons are mainly used for antiproton production at the Antiproton Annihilation Darmstadt (PANDA) experiment. The Linac will operate at 325 MHz and consists of a novel so called ’Ladder’ RFQ type, followed by a chain of CH-cavities, partially coupled by rf-coupling cells. In this paper we present the beam diagnostics system for the pLinac with special emphasis on the Secondary Electron Emission (SEM) Grids and the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system. We also describe design and status of our diagnostics testbench for stepwise Linac commissioning, which includes an energy spectrometer with associated optical system. The BPMs and SEM grids have been tested with proton and argon beam during several beamtimes in 2022. The results of these experiments are presented.
	Poster TUPOJO06 [3.264 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO06
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
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TUPOJO08	Upgrade and Commissioning of the 60 keV Low Energy Beam Transport Line for the Frankfurt Neutron Source FRANZ	352
	H. Hähnel, A. Ateş, G. Blank, M.S. Breidt, D. Bänsch, R. Gössling, T. Metz, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Rüffer, K. Volk, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R.H. Hollinger, C. Zhang GSI, Darmstadt, Germany H. Podlech HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) for the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) has been redesigned to accommodate a 60 keV proton beam. Driven by a CHORDIS ion source, operating at 35 kV, a newly designed electrostatic postaccelerator has beeen installed to reach the desired beam energy of 60 keV. Additional upgrades to the beamline include two steerer pairs, several optical diagnostics sections and an additional faraday cup. We present the results of beam commissioning up to the point of RFQ injection. Emittance measurements were performed to prepare matching to the RFQ and improve the beam dynamics model of the low energy beamline. Due to the successful operation of the beamline at 60 keV, retrofitting of the RFQ for the new energy has been initiated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO08
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
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TUPOJO09	High Power RF Conditioning of the ESS DTL1	356
	F. Grespan, C. Baltador, L. Bellan, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, M.G. Giacchini, M. Montis, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy F. Grespan, B. Jones, L. Page, A.G. Sosa, E. Trachanas, R. Zeng ESS, Lund, Sweden D.J.P. Nicosia CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The first tank of Drift Tube Linac (DTL) for the European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS), delivered by INFN, has been installed in the ESS tunnel in Summer 2021. The DTL-1 is designed to accelerate a 62.5 mA proton beam from 3.62 MeV up to 21 MeV. It consists of 61 accelerating gaps, alternate with 60 drift tubes equipped with Permanent Magnet Quadrupole (PMQ) in a FODO lattice. The remaining drift tubes are equipped with dipole correctors (steerers), beam position monitors (BPMs) or empty. The total length of the cavity is 7.6 m and it is stabilized by post couplers. Two waveguide couplers feed the DTL with the 2.2 MW of RF power required for beam operation, equally divided by RF power losses and beam power. This paper first presents the main systems required for the DTL conditioning. Then it summarizes the main steps and results of this high power RF conditioning done at ESS to prepare the DTL for the consequent beam commissioning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO09
About •	Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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TUPOJO10	Hardware Commissioning With Beam at the European Spallation Source: Ion Source to DTL1	360
TUOPA01	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	B. Jones, R.A. Baron, C.S. Derrez, F. Grespan, V. Grishin, Y. Levinsen, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D.J.P. Nicosia, D. Noll, D.C. Plostinar, A.G. Sosa, E. Trachanas, R. Zeng ESS, Lund, Sweden C. Baltador, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, F. Grespan, A. Palmieri INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy I. Bustinduy, N. Garmendia ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain L. Neri INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	The European Spallation Source (ESS) aims to build and commission a 2 MW proton linac ready for neutron production in 2025. The normal conducting section of the ESS linac is designed to accelerate a 62.5 mA proton beam to 90 MeV at 14 Hz. The section consists of a microwave ion source, Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and 5-tank Drift Tube Linac (DTL). All sections are provided to ESS by in-kind partners across Europe. This paper reports the recent progress on the assembly, installation, testing and commissioning of the ESS normal conducting linac.
	Slides TUPOJO10 [2.397 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO10
About •	Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 15 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022
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TUPOJO11	Design of Beam Focusing System with Permanent Magnet for J-PARC LINAC MEBT1	364
	Y. Fuwa, K. Moriya, T. Takayanagi JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	Space charge compensation technology using higher-order multipole magnetic field components has been proposed to transport high-intensity charged particle beams for J-PARC LINAC MEBT1. In order to realize this compensation technology in a limited beam line space, we devised a compact-size combined-function multipole permanent magnet. This magnet can produce two multipole components at the same location on the beam line. As a first step, we have designed a magnet to simultaneously generate a fixed-strength quadrupole and an adjustable-strength octupole component using permanent magnet materials. In this magnet model, the magnetic circuit consists of two groups of magnets.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO11
About •	Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
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TUPOJO12	Development of Emittance Meter Instrument for MYRRHA	368
	A. Rodríguez Páramo, I. Bustinduy, S. Masa, R. Miracoli, V. Toyos, S. Varnasseri ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain L. De Keukeleere, F. Doucet, A. Ponton, A. Tanquintic SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium J. Herranz Proactive Research and Development, Sabadell, Spain
	For the commissioning of the Myrrha proton Linac an Emittance Meter Instrument (EMI) has been foreseen. The EMI will be installed in a dedicated test bench for linac commissioning. The test bench will be initially placed after the RFQ with energies of 1.5 MeV, and in later stages moved to other sections of the Normal Con-ducting Linac for operation at 6 and 17 MeV. The Myrrha EMI will be composed by two slit and grid subsystems for measurement of the phase space in the horizontal and vertical directions. For collimating the beam, graphite slits are used, and the beam aperture is measured in the SEM grids placed downstream. Then, the control system performs signal amplification, data acquisition, and motion control, with the different sys-tems integrated in an EPICs IOC. The system, manufactured by ESS-Bilbao and Proac-tive R&D, has been tested on the ESS-Bilbao 45 keV and soon will be integrated in Myrrha facilities. We present the EMI design, with irradiation analysis and emittance reconstruction, and the integration tests results.
	Poster TUPOJO12 [1.141 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO12
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
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TUPOJO13	Wire Scanner Systems at the European Spallation Source (ESS): Tests and First Beam Commissioning Results	372
	C.S. Derrez, I. Bustinduy, E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, H. Kocevar, J.P.S. Martins, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, T.J. Shea, R. Tarkeshian, C.A. Thomas, P.L. van Velze ESS, Lund, Sweden S. Cleva, R. De Monte, M. Ferianis, S. Grulja Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy I. Mazkiaran, A.R. Páramo ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	The ESS beam instrumentation includes 3 different type of Wire Scanners (WS). Double wires systems are deployed in the MEBT part of NCL, and single wires and flying wire instruments are being tested and installed in the higher energy sections of the ESS linac. First beam tests result from the MEBT systems will be presented. The superconducting linac WS systems are based on scintillator detectors and wavelength shifting fibers are mounted on the beam pipe. The detectors are coupled to long haul optical fibers, which carry the signals to custom front end electronics sitting in controls racks at the surface. The acquisition chain have been characterized at IHEP (Protvino, Russia), ELETTRA (Trieste, Italy), CERN PSB, CoSy (IKP, Germany) and SNS (USA) before installation in the ESS tunnel. The test results of this system design, differing from the standard approach where photomultipliers are coupled to the scintillator will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO13
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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TUPOJO14	Status of Testing and Commissioning of the Medium Energy Beam Transport Line of the ESS Normal Conducting Linac	376
	A.G. Sosa, R.A. Baron, H. Danared, C.S. Derrez, E.M. Donegani, M. Eshraqi, V. Grishin, A. Jansson, M. Jensen, B. Jones, E. Laface, B. Lagoguez, Y. Levinsen, J.P.S. Martins, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D.J.P. Nicosia, D. Noll, D.C. Plostinar, T.J. Shea, R. Tarkeshian, C.A. Thomas, E. Trachanas, P.L. van Velze ESS, Lund, Sweden I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, D. Fernández-Cañoto, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, G. Harper, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, I. Mazkiaran, J.L. Muñoz, A.R. Páramo, S. Varnasseri, A.Z. Zugazaga ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	The latest beam commissioning phase of the Normal Conducting Linac at ESS delivered a proton beam through the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) into the first Drift Tube Linac (DTL) tank. The probe beam in MEBT consisted of 3.6 MeV protons of <6 mA, <5 microseconds pulse length and 1 Hz repetition rate. Following the delivery of the components at ESS in Lund in June 2019, the commissioning phase with the MEBT was completed in July 2022. In March 2022, the maximum beam current of 62.5 mA was transported up to the MEBT Faraday cup. This proceeding focuses on the status of MEBT including magnets, buncher cavities, scrapers and beam diagnostics designed and tested in collaboration with ESS Bilbao.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO14
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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TUPOJO15	Commissioning of UKRI-STFC SRF Vertical Test and HPR Reprocessing Facility	380
	M.D. Pendleton, A.E.T. Akintola, R.K. Buckley, G. Collier, K.D. Dumbell, M.J. Ellis, S. Hitchen, P.C. Hornickel, G. Hughes, C.R. Jenkins, A.J. May, P.A. McIntosh, K.J. Middleman, A.J. Moss, S.M. Pattalwar, J.O.W. Poynton, P.A. Smith, A.E. Wheelhouse, S. Wilde STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G. Jones, M. Lowe, D.A. Mason, G. Miller, C. Mills, J. Mutch, A. Oates, J.T.G. Wilson STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Mark Pendleton, et al. The UK’s first and only vertical test facility and associated cleanroom reprocessing suite has been developed, commissioned, and entered steady-state operations at the UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory. The facility is capable of 2 K testing of 3 jacketed SRF cavities in a horizontal configuration per 2-week test cycle. We report on the associated cryogenic, RF, UHV, mechanical, cleanroom, and HPR infrastructure. SRF cavity workflows have been developed to meet the requirements of the ESS high beta cavity project within a newly developed quality management system, SuraBee, in accordance with ISO9001. To support standardisation of measurements across the collaboration, reference cavities have been measured for cross-reference between CEA, DESY, and UKRI-STFC. We further report on commissioning objectives, observations, and continuous improvement activities.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO15
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 September 2022
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TUPOJO17	High Efficiency High Power Resonant Cavity Amplifier For PIP-II	384
	R.E. Simpson, N. Butler, D.B. Cope, M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
	An advanced high-power, high power density, solid state power amplifier (SSPA) was developed to replace Vacuum Electron Devices (VEDs). Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) developed and integrated a resonant-cavity combiner with solid state amplifiers for the Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) at Fermilab. The architecture combines the power of N-many RF power transistors into a single resonant cavity that are surface-mounted and -cooled. The system is designed so that failure of individual transistors has negligible performance impact. Due to the electrical and mechanical simplicity, maintenance and logistics are simplified. DTI demonstrated the basic feasibility of a 50-100 kW class amplifier resonant cavity combiner system at 650 MHz. A single-cavity system reached 15 kW at 66% power-added efficiency with ten of 12 slots filled on only 1 of 2 cavities faces. The system further demonstrated the expected graceful degradation; an intermittent fault occurred on 1 of the 10 modules and the only observable effect was a reduction in output power to 13.3 kW with a slight reduction in efficiency. Combining of multiple cavities was also demonstrated at low power.
	Poster TUPOJO17 [0.790 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO17
About •	Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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TUPOJO18	Cavity Qualification and Production Update for SNS-PPU Cryomodules at Jefferson Lab	387
	P. Dhakal, E. Daly, J.F. Fischer, N.A. Huque JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA M.P. Howell ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA J.D. Mammosser ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project at Oak Ridge National Lab’s Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) currently being constructed will double the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW by adding seven cryomodules, each containing four six-cell high-beta (β = 0.81) superconducting radio frequency cavities. Research Instruments, located in Germany, built and processed the cavities at the vendor site, including electropolishing as the final active chemistry step. Twenty-eight cavities for seven cryomodules and an additional four cavities for a spare cryomodules were delivered to Jefferson Lab and first qualification tests were completed on all cavities as received from the vendor. The performance largely exceeded the requirements on quality factor and accelerating gradient. Here we present the status of initial cavity qualification tests, rework on unqualified cavities and final cavity qualification with helium vessel prior to installation in cryomodules. In addition, an update on cryomodule production is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO18
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
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TUPOJO19	Progress on the Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source	390
	M.S. Champion, C.N. Barbier, M.S. Connell, J. Galambos, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, J.S. Moss, B.W. Riemer, K.S. White ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA E. Daly JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA N.J. Evans, G.D. Johns ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA D.J. Harding Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. The Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will increase the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW. Upon completion of the project, 2 MW of beam power will be available for neutron production at the existing first target station with the remaining beam power available for the future second target station. The project will install seven superconducting RF cryomodules and supporting RF power systems and ancillaries to increase the beam energy to 1.3 GeV . The injection and extraction region of the accumulator ring will be upgraded, and a new 2 MW mercury target has been developed along with supporting equipment for high-flow gas injection to mitigate cavitation and fatigue stress. Equipment is being received from vendors and partner laboratories, and installation is underway with three major installation outages planned in 2022-2024. The project is planned to be completed in 2025.
	Poster TUPOJO19 [1.361 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO19
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 15 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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TUPOJO20	Progress of the ESS Proton Beam Imaging Systems	394
TUOPA02	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	E. Adli, G. Christoforo, E.D. Fackelman, H.E. Gjersdal, O.M. Røhne, K.N. Sjobak University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway S. Bjorklund, S. Joshi University College West, Trollhätan, Sweden M.G. Ibison Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M.G. Ibison The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Y. Levinsen, K.E. Rosengren, T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System has as objective to image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it enters the spallation target. The Imaging System has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges : development of radiation hard photon sources, long and aperture-restricted optical paths and fast electronics required to provide rapid information in case of beam anomalies. This paper outlines how main challenges of the Imaging System have been addressed, and the status of deployment as ESS gets closer to beam.
	Poster TUPOJO20 [21.417 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO20
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
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TUPOJO21	The Pre-Injector Upgrade for the ISIS H⁻ Linac	398
TUOPA03	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	S.R. Lawrie, R.E. Abel, C. Cahill, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford, J.H. Macgregor, S. Patel, T.M. Sarmento, J.D. Speed, O.A. Tarvainen, M. Whitehead, T. Wood STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	A new maintenance-free, high current, high duty-factor H⁻ linac pre-injector is being commissioned for the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility. As well as delivering a low emittance-growth, loss-free beam, the pre-injector incorporates a chopper to facilitate arbitrary bunch time-structures. A 50 Hz, 0.9 ms (4.5% duty factor) RF-driven H⁻ ion source operates extremely reliably and with a large available parameter space via a novel microwave ignition gun and a wideband solid-state RF amplifier. A 202.5 MHz medium energy beam transport (MEBT) incorporates eight quadrupole magnets with integrated xy steerers, four quarter-wave re-bunching cavities, four extremely compact beam position monitors and an electrostatic chopper in just two metres of footprint. Beam has been extracted from the ion source and MEBT commissioning is due Spring 2023. Thereafter, the entire pre-injector will be soak-tested offline for a year before installing on the user facility.
	Slides TUPOJO21 [1.784 MB]
	Poster TUPOJO21 [3.053 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO21
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 16 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
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TUPOJO22	Progress of PIP-II Activities at IJCLab	402
	P. Duchesne, N. Gandolfo, D. Le Dréan, D. Longuevergne, R. Martret, T. Pépin-Donat, F. Rabehasy, S. Roset, L.M. Vogt Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France P. Berrutti, M. Parise, D. Passarelli Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Since 2018, IJCLab is involved in PIP-II project on the design and development of accelerator components for the SSR2 (Single Spoke Resonator type 2) section of the superconducting linac. First pre-production components have been fabricated, surface processing and cavity qualification in vertical cryostat are on-going. IJCLab has upgraded its facilities by developing a new set-up to perform rotational BCP. The progress of all processing and testing activities for PIP-II project will be reported and, in particular, a dedicated study to qualify removal uniformity compared to static BCP will be presented.
	Poster TUPOJO22 [1.997 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO22
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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FR1AA05	Design Considerations for a Proton Linac for a Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Source	878
SUPCJO01	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	M. Abbaslou UVIC, Victoria, Canada A. Gottberg, O.K. Kester, R.E. Laxdal, M. Marchetto TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada D.D. Maharaj, D. Marquardt University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada S. Tabbassum Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
	New neutron sources are needed both for Canada and internationally as access to reactor based neutrons shrinks. Compact Accelerator-based Neutron Sources (CANS) offer the possibility of an intense source of pulsed neutrons with a capital cost significantly lower than spallation sources. In an effort to close the neutron gap in Canada a prototype, Canadian compact accelerator-based neutron source (PC-CANS) is proposed for installation at the University of Windsor. The PC-CANS is envisaged to serve two neutron science instruments, a boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) station and a beamline for fluorine-18 radioisotope production for positron emission tomography (PET). To serve these diverse applications of neutron beams, a linear accelerator solution is selected, that will provide 10 MeV protons with a peak current of 10 mA within a 5% duty cycle. The accelerator is based on an RFQ and DTL with a post-DTL pulsed kicker system to simultaneously deliver macro-pulses to each end-station. Several choices of Linac technology are being considered and a comparison of the choices will be presented.

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	Slides FR1AA05 [1.945 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-FR1AA05
About •	Received ※ 27 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022
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Paper

Title

Page

Beam Commissioning of Normal Conducting Part and Status of ESS Project

18

R. Miyamoto, C. Amstutz, S. Armanet, R.A. Baron, E.C. Bergman, A.K. Bhattacharyya, B.E. Bolling, W. Borg, S. Calic, M. Carroll, J. Cereijo García, J. Christensson, J.D. Christie, H. Danared, C.S. Derrez, E.M. Donegani, S. Ekström, M. Eriksson, M. Eshraqi, J.F. Esteban Müller, K. Falkland, A. Forsat, S. Gabourin, A. Garcia Sosa, A.A. Gorzawski, V. Grishin, P.O. Gustavsson, S. Haghtalab, V.A. Harahap, H. Hassanzadegan, W. Hees, J.J. Jamróz, A. Jansson, M. Jensen, B. Jones, M. Juni Ferreira, M. Kalafatic, I. Kittelmann, H. Kocevar, S. Kövecses de Carvalho, E. Laface, B. Lagoguez, Y. Levinsen, M. Lindroos, A. Lundmark, M. Mansouri, C. Marrelli, C.A. Martins, J.P.S. Martins, S. Micic, N. Milas, M. Mohammednezhad, R. Montaño, M. Muñoz, G. Mörk, D.J.P. Nicosia, B. Nilsson, D. Noll, A. Nordt, T. Olsson, L. Page, D. Paulic, S. Pavinato, A. Petrushenko, D.C. Plostinar, J. Riegert, A. Rizzo, K.E. Rosengren, K. Rosquist, M. Serluca, T.J. Shea, A. Simelio, S. Slettebak, H. Spoelstra, A.M. Svensson, L. Svensson, R. Tarkeshian, L. Tchelidze, C.A. Thomas, E. Trachanas, K. Vestin, R.H. Zeng, P.L. van Velze, N. Öst
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C. Baltador, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, F. Grespan, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, D. Fernández-Cañoto, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, G. Harper, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, I. Mazkiaran, J.L. Muñoz, A.R. Páramo, S. Varnasseri, A.Z. Zugazaga
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
A.C. Chauveau, P. Hamel, O. Piquet
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund Sweden, will be a spallation neutron source driven by a superconducting proton linac with a design power of 5 MW. The linac features a high peak current of 62.5 mA and long pulse length of 2.86 ms with a repetition rate of 14 Hz. The normal conducting part of the linac has been undergoing beam commissioning in multiple steps, and the main focus of the beam commissioning has been on bringing systems into operation, including auxiliary ones. In 2022, beam was transported to the end of the first tank of the five-tank drift tube linac. This paper provides a summary of the beam commissioning activities at ESS and the current status of the linac.

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Slides MO1PA02 [18.907 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1PA02

About •

Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 21 September 2022

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MO1PA03

First Years of Linac4 RF Operation

25

S. Ramberger, R. Wegner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Following the construction, commissioning, run-in, and connection, in 2021 Linac4 at CERN saw its successful start-up to full operation. Being composed primarily of RF systems, occupying most of the tunnel and the equipment hall, a coordinated effort has been put in place by 4 RF teams providing cavities, amplifier chains, low-level RF and general control systems. While all parts came together with impressive performance from day one, many details required a considerable debugging effort to achieve the requested availability of at least 95% from first operation in the synchrotron complex. This talk will focus on issues in equipment reliability, radiation to electronics, thermal stability, systems interaction, as well as a few aspects of complex low-level RF setup. It will also discuss decisions taken with respect to spare policies and upgrades for the coming years.

Slides MO1PA03 [3.992 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MO1PA03

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Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 11 September 2022

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TU2AA01

Overview of ADS Projects in the World

310

B. Yee-Rendón
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS) offer an advantageous option for the transmutation of nuclear waste. ADS employs high-intensity proton linear accelerators (linacs) to produce spallation neutrons for a subcritical reactor. Besides the challenges of any megawatt proton machine, ADS accelerator must operate with stringent reliability to avoid thermal stress in the reactor structures. Thus, ADS linacs have adopted a reliability-oriented design to satisfy the operation requirements. This work provides a review and the present status of the ADS linacs in the world.

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Slides TU2AA01 [2.951 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TU2AA01

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Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022

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TUPOJO03

Optimized Beam Optics Design of the MINERVA/MYRRHA Superconducting Proton Linac

337

U. Dorda, L. De Keukeleere
SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
F. Bouly, E. Froidefond
LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
E. Bouquerel, E.K. Traykov
IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
L. Perrot
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France

The MYRRHA design for an accelerator driven system (ADS) is based on a 600 MeV superconducting proton linac. The first stage towards its realization is called MINERVA and was approved in 2018 to be constructed by SCK•CEN in Belgium. This 100 MeV linac, will serve as technology demonstrator for the high MYRRHA reliability requirements as well as driver for two independent target stations, one for radio-isotope research and production of radio-isotopes for medical purposes, the other one for fusion materials research. This contribution gives an overview of the latest accelerator machine physics design with a focus on the optimized medium (17 MeV) and high energy (100 MeV) beam transfer lines.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO03

About •

Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

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TUPOJO04

R&D for the Realization of a Very High Frequency Crossbar H-Mode Drift Tube Linac

341

M. Heilmann, C. Zhang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Podlech
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

A 704.4 MHz Crossbar H-mode (CH) drift tube linac has been proposed for performing a radio frequency jump at ß = 0.2. Up to now, the highest frequency of the constructed CH cavities is 360 MHz. Simulations have shown that the operation frequency for an H210-mode cavity can be up to ~800 MHz. At 704.4 MHz, the cavity dimensions become small, which bring challenges for many practical problems e.g. construction, vacuum pumping and RF coupling. This paper presents the performed R&D studies for the realization of such a very high frequency cavity.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO04

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Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022

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TUPOJO05

Welding and Copper Plating Investigations on the FAIR Proton Linac

345

A. Seibel, T. Dettinger, C.M. Kleffner, K. Knie, C. Will
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M.S. Breidt, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
J. Egly
PINK GmbH Vakuumtechnik, Wertheim, Germany

A FAIR injector linac for the future FAIR facility is under construction. In order to meet the requirements for copper plating of the CH-cavities, a variety of tests with dummy cavities has been per-formed and compared to simulation. Further dummy cavities have been produced in order to improve the welding techniques. In addition, the results on 3d-printed stems with drift tubes will be presented.

Poster TUPOJO05 [2.863 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO05

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Received ※ 08 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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TUPOJO06

Design and Test of Beam Diagnostics Equipment for the FAIR Proton Linac

348

T. Sieber, P. Forck, C.M. Kleffner, S. Udrea
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
I. Bustinduy, Á. Rodríguez Páramo
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
J. Herranz
Proactive Research and Development, Sabadell, Spain
A. Navarro Fernandez
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A dedicated proton injector Linac (pLinac) for the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI, Darmstadt, is currently under construction. It will pro-vide a 68 MeV, up to 70 mA proton beam at a duty cycle of max. 35µs / 4 Hz for the SIS18 synchrotron, using the UNILAC transfer beamline. After further acceleration in SIS100, the protons are mainly used for antiproton production at the Antiproton Annihilation Darmstadt (PANDA) experiment. The Linac will operate at 325 MHz and consists of a novel so called ’Ladder’ RFQ type, followed by a chain of CH-cavities, partially coupled by rf-coupling cells. In this paper we present the beam diagnostics system for the pLinac with special emphasis on the Secondary Electron Emission (SEM) Grids and the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system. We also describe design and status of our diagnostics testbench for stepwise Linac commissioning, which includes an energy spectrometer with associated optical system. The BPMs and SEM grids have been tested with proton and argon beam during several beamtimes in 2022. The results of these experiments are presented.

Poster TUPOJO06 [3.264 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO06

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 01 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022

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TUPOJO08

Upgrade and Commissioning of the 60 keV Low Energy Beam Transport Line for the Frankfurt Neutron Source FRANZ

352

H. Hähnel, A. Ateş, G. Blank, M.S. Breidt, D. Bänsch, R. Gössling, T. Metz, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Rüffer, K. Volk, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R.H. Hollinger, C. Zhang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Podlech
HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) for the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) has been redesigned to accommodate a 60 keV proton beam. Driven by a CHORDIS ion source, operating at 35 kV, a newly designed electrostatic postaccelerator has beeen installed to reach the desired beam energy of 60 keV. Additional upgrades to the beamline include two steerer pairs, several optical diagnostics sections and an additional faraday cup. We present the results of beam commissioning up to the point of RFQ injection. Emittance measurements were performed to prepare matching to the RFQ and improve the beam dynamics model of the low energy beamline. Due to the successful operation of the beamline at 60 keV, retrofitting of the RFQ for the new energy has been initiated.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO08

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022

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TUPOJO09

High Power RF Conditioning of the ESS DTL1

356

F. Grespan, C. Baltador, L. Bellan, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, M.G. Giacchini, M. Montis, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
F. Grespan, B. Jones, L. Page, A.G. Sosa, E. Trachanas, R. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden
D.J.P. Nicosia
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The first tank of Drift Tube Linac (DTL) for the European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS), delivered by INFN, has been installed in the ESS tunnel in Summer 2021. The DTL-1 is designed to accelerate a 62.5 mA proton beam from 3.62 MeV up to 21 MeV. It consists of 61 accelerating gaps, alternate with 60 drift tubes equipped with Permanent Magnet Quadrupole (PMQ) in a FODO lattice. The remaining drift tubes are equipped with dipole correctors (steerers), beam position monitors (BPMs) or empty. The total length of the cavity is 7.6 m and it is stabilized by post couplers. Two waveguide couplers feed the DTL with the 2.2 MW of RF power required for beam operation, equally divided by RF power losses and beam power. This paper first presents the main systems required for the DTL conditioning. Then it summarizes the main steps and results of this high power RF conditioning done at ESS to prepare the DTL for the consequent beam commissioning.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO09

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Received ※ 15 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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TUPOJO10

Hardware Commissioning With Beam at the European Spallation Source: Ion Source to DTL1

360

TUOPA01

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

B. Jones, R.A. Baron, C.S. Derrez, F. Grespan, V. Grishin, Y. Levinsen, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D.J.P. Nicosia, D. Noll, D.C. Plostinar, A.G. Sosa, E. Trachanas, R. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden
C. Baltador, L. Bellan, M. Comunian, F. Grespan, A. Palmieri
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
I. Bustinduy, N. Garmendia
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
L. Neri
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

The European Spallation Source (ESS) aims to build and commission a 2 MW proton linac ready for neutron production in 2025. The normal conducting section of the ESS linac is designed to accelerate a 62.5 mA proton beam to 90 MeV at 14 Hz. The section consists of a microwave ion source, Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) and 5-tank Drift Tube Linac (DTL). All sections are provided to ESS by in-kind partners across Europe. This paper reports the recent progress on the assembly, installation, testing and commissioning of the ESS normal conducting linac.

Slides TUPOJO10 [2.397 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO10

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Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 15 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022

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TUPOJO11

Design of Beam Focusing System with Permanent Magnet for J-PARC LINAC MEBT1

364

Y. Fuwa, K. Moriya, T. Takayanagi
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

Space charge compensation technology using higher-order multipole magnetic field components has been proposed to transport high-intensity charged particle beams for J-PARC LINAC MEBT1. In order to realize this compensation technology in a limited beam line space, we devised a compact-size combined-function multipole permanent magnet. This magnet can produce two multipole components at the same location on the beam line. As a first step, we have designed a magnet to simultaneously generate a fixed-strength quadrupole and an adjustable-strength octupole component using permanent magnet materials. In this magnet model, the magnetic circuit consists of two groups of magnets.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO11

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Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

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TUPOJO12

Development of Emittance Meter Instrument for MYRRHA

368

A. Rodríguez Páramo, I. Bustinduy, S. Masa, R. Miracoli, V. Toyos, S. Varnasseri
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
L. De Keukeleere, F. Doucet, A. Ponton, A. Tanquintic
SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
J. Herranz
Proactive Research and Development, Sabadell, Spain

For the commissioning of the Myrrha proton Linac an Emittance Meter Instrument (EMI) has been foreseen. The EMI will be installed in a dedicated test bench for linac commissioning. The test bench will be initially placed after the RFQ with energies of 1.5 MeV, and in later stages moved to other sections of the Normal Con-ducting Linac for operation at 6 and 17 MeV. The Myrrha EMI will be composed by two slit and grid subsystems for measurement of the phase space in the horizontal and vertical directions. For collimating the beam, graphite slits are used, and the beam aperture is measured in the SEM grids placed downstream. Then, the control system performs signal amplification, data acquisition, and motion control, with the different sys-tems integrated in an EPICs IOC. The system, manufactured by ESS-Bilbao and Proac-tive R&D, has been tested on the ESS-Bilbao 45 keV and soon will be integrated in Myrrha facilities. We present the EMI design, with irradiation analysis and emittance reconstruction, and the integration tests results.

Poster TUPOJO12 [1.141 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO12

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Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022

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TUPOJO13

Wire Scanner Systems at the European Spallation Source (ESS): Tests and First Beam Commissioning Results

372

C.S. Derrez, I. Bustinduy, E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, H. Kocevar, J.P.S. Martins, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, T.J. Shea, R. Tarkeshian, C.A. Thomas, P.L. van Velze
ESS, Lund, Sweden
S. Cleva, R. De Monte, M. Ferianis, S. Grulja
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
I. Mazkiaran, A.R. Páramo
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

The ESS beam instrumentation includes 3 different type of Wire Scanners (WS). Double wires systems are deployed in the MEBT part of NCL, and single wires and flying wire instruments are being tested and installed in the higher energy sections of the ESS linac. First beam tests result from the MEBT systems will be presented. The superconducting linac WS systems are based on scintillator detectors and wavelength shifting fibers are mounted on the beam pipe. The detectors are coupled to long haul optical fibers, which carry the signals to custom front end electronics sitting in controls racks at the surface. The acquisition chain have been characterized at IHEP (Protvino, Russia), ELETTRA (Trieste, Italy), CERN PSB, CoSy (IKP, Germany) and SNS (USA) before installation in the ESS tunnel. The test results of this system design, differing from the standard approach where photomultipliers are coupled to the scintillator will be presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO13

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 30 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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TUPOJO14

Status of Testing and Commissioning of the Medium Energy Beam Transport Line of the ESS Normal Conducting Linac

376

A.G. Sosa, R.A. Baron, H. Danared, C.S. Derrez, E.M. Donegani, M. Eshraqi, V. Grishin, A. Jansson, M. Jensen, B. Jones, E. Laface, B. Lagoguez, Y. Levinsen, J.P.S. Martins, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D.J.P. Nicosia, D. Noll, D.C. Plostinar, T.J. Shea, R. Tarkeshian, C.A. Thomas, E. Trachanas, P.L. van Velze
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, D. Fernández-Cañoto, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, G. Harper, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, I. Mazkiaran, J.L. Muñoz, A.R. Páramo, S. Varnasseri, A.Z. Zugazaga
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

The latest beam commissioning phase of the Normal Conducting Linac at ESS delivered a proton beam through the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) into the first Drift Tube Linac (DTL) tank. The probe beam in MEBT consisted of 3.6 MeV protons of <6 mA, <5 microseconds pulse length and 1 Hz repetition rate. Following the delivery of the components at ESS in Lund in June 2019, the commissioning phase with the MEBT was completed in July 2022. In March 2022, the maximum beam current of 62.5 mA was transported up to the MEBT Faraday cup. This proceeding focuses on the status of MEBT including magnets, buncher cavities, scrapers and beam diagnostics designed and tested in collaboration with ESS Bilbao.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO14

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Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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TUPOJO15

Commissioning of UKRI-STFC SRF Vertical Test and HPR Reprocessing Facility

380

M.D. Pendleton, A.E.T. Akintola, R.K. Buckley, G. Collier, K.D. Dumbell, M.J. Ellis, S. Hitchen, P.C. Hornickel, G. Hughes, C.R. Jenkins, A.J. May, P.A. McIntosh, K.J. Middleman, A.J. Moss, S.M. Pattalwar, J.O.W. Poynton, P.A. Smith, A.E. Wheelhouse, S. Wilde
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G. Jones, M. Lowe, D.A. Mason, G. Miller, C. Mills, J. Mutch, A. Oates, J.T.G. Wilson
STFC/DL, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Mark Pendleton, et al. The UK’s first and only vertical test facility and associated cleanroom reprocessing suite has been developed, commissioned, and entered steady-state operations at the UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory. The facility is capable of 2 K testing of 3 jacketed SRF cavities in a horizontal configuration per 2-week test cycle. We report on the associated cryogenic, RF, UHV, mechanical, cleanroom, and HPR infrastructure. SRF cavity workflows have been developed to meet the requirements of the ESS high beta cavity project within a newly developed quality management system, SuraBee, in accordance with ISO9001. To support standardisation of measurements across the collaboration, reference cavities have been measured for cross-reference between CEA, DESY, and UKRI-STFC. We further report on commissioning objectives, observations, and continuous improvement activities.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO15

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 05 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 September 2022

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TUPOJO17

High Efficiency High Power Resonant Cavity Amplifier For PIP-II

384

R.E. Simpson, N. Butler, D.B. Cope, M.P.J. Gaudreau, M.K. Kempkes
Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA

An advanced high-power, high power density, solid state power amplifier (SSPA) was developed to replace Vacuum Electron Devices (VEDs). Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) developed and integrated a resonant-cavity combiner with solid state amplifiers for the Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) at Fermilab. The architecture combines the power of N-many RF power transistors into a single resonant cavity that are surface-mounted and -cooled. The system is designed so that failure of individual transistors has negligible performance impact. Due to the electrical and mechanical simplicity, maintenance and logistics are simplified. DTI demonstrated the basic feasibility of a 50-100 kW class amplifier resonant cavity combiner system at 650 MHz. A single-cavity system reached 15 kW at 66% power-added efficiency with ten of 12 slots filled on only 1 of 2 cavities faces. The system further demonstrated the expected graceful degradation; an intermittent fault occurred on 1 of the 10 modules and the only observable effect was a reduction in output power to 13.3 kW with a slight reduction in efficiency. Combining of multiple cavities was also demonstrated at low power.

Poster TUPOJO17 [0.790 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO17

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Received ※ 16 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

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TUPOJO18

Cavity Qualification and Production Update for SNS-PPU Cryomodules at Jefferson Lab

387

P. Dhakal, E. Daly, J.F. Fischer, N.A. Huque
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
M.P. Howell
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
J.D. Mammosser
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
The Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) project at Oak Ridge National Lab’s Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) currently being constructed will double the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW by adding seven cryomodules, each containing four six-cell high-beta (β = 0.81) superconducting radio frequency cavities. Research Instruments, located in Germany, built and processed the cavities at the vendor site, including electropolishing as the final active chemistry step. Twenty-eight cavities for seven cryomodules and an additional four cavities for a spare cryomodules were delivered to Jefferson Lab and first qualification tests were completed on all cavities as received from the vendor. The performance largely exceeded the requirements on quality factor and accelerating gradient. Here we present the status of initial cavity qualification tests, rework on unqualified cavities and final cavity qualification with helium vessel prior to installation in cryomodules. In addition, an update on cryomodule production is presented.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO18

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Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022

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TUPOJO19

Progress on the Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source

390

M.S. Champion, C.N. Barbier, M.S. Connell, J. Galambos, M.P. Howell, S.-H. Kim, J.S. Moss, B.W. Riemer, K.S. White
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
E. Daly
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
N.J. Evans, G.D. Johns
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
D.J. Harding
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725.
The Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will increase the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW. Upon completion of the project, 2 MW of beam power will be available for neutron production at the existing first target station with the remaining beam power available for the future second target station. The project will install seven superconducting RF cryomodules and supporting RF power systems and ancillaries to increase the beam energy to 1.3 GeV . The injection and extraction region of the accumulator ring will be upgraded, and a new 2 MW mercury target has been developed along with supporting equipment for high-flow gas injection to mitigate cavitation and fatigue stress. Equipment is being received from vendors and partner laboratories, and installation is underway with three major installation outages planned in 2022-2024. The project is planned to be completed in 2025.

Poster TUPOJO19 [1.361 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO19

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 15 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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TUPOJO20

Progress of the ESS Proton Beam Imaging Systems

394

TUOPA02

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E. Adli, G. Christoforo, E.D. Fackelman, H.E. Gjersdal, O.M. Røhne, K.N. Sjobak
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
S. Bjorklund, S. Joshi
University College West, Trollhätan, Sweden
M.G. Ibison
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M.G. Ibison
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Y. Levinsen, K.E. Rosengren, T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System has as objective to image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it enters the spallation target. The Imaging System has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges : development of radiation hard photon sources, long and aperture-restricted optical paths and fast electronics required to provide rapid information in case of beam anomalies. This paper outlines how main challenges of the Imaging System have been addressed, and the status of deployment as ESS gets closer to beam.

Poster TUPOJO20 [21.417 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO20

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

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TUPOJO21

The Pre-Injector Upgrade for the ISIS H⁻ Linac

398

TUOPA03

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S.R. Lawrie, R.E. Abel, C. Cahill, D.C. Faircloth, A.P. Letchford, J.H. Macgregor, S. Patel, T.M. Sarmento, J.D. Speed, O.A. Tarvainen, M. Whitehead, T. Wood
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

A new maintenance-free, high current, high duty-factor H⁻ linac pre-injector is being commissioned for the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility. As well as delivering a low emittance-growth, loss-free beam, the pre-injector incorporates a chopper to facilitate arbitrary bunch time-structures. A 50 Hz, 0.9 ms (4.5% duty factor) RF-driven H⁻ ion source operates extremely reliably and with a large available parameter space via a novel microwave ignition gun and a wideband solid-state RF amplifier. A 202.5 MHz medium energy beam transport (MEBT) incorporates eight quadrupole magnets with integrated xy steerers, four quarter-wave re-bunching cavities, four extremely compact beam position monitors and an electrostatic chopper in just two metres of footprint. Beam has been extracted from the ion source and MEBT commissioning is due Spring 2023. Thereafter, the entire pre-injector will be soak-tested offline for a year before installing on the user facility.

Slides TUPOJO21 [1.784 MB]

Poster TUPOJO21 [3.053 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO21

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Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 16 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022

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TUPOJO22

Progress of PIP-II Activities at IJCLab

402

P. Duchesne, N. Gandolfo, D. Le Dréan, D. Longuevergne, R. Martret, T. Pépin-Donat, F. Rabehasy, S. Roset, L.M. Vogt
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
P. Berrutti, M. Parise, D. Passarelli
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Since 2018, IJCLab is involved in PIP-II project on the design and development of accelerator components for the SSR2 (Single Spoke Resonator type 2) section of the superconducting linac. First pre-production components have been fabricated, surface processing and cavity qualification in vertical cryostat are on-going. IJCLab has upgraded its facilities by developing a new set-up to perform rotational BCP. The progress of all processing and testing activities for PIP-II project will be reported and, in particular, a dedicated study to qualify removal uniformity compared to static BCP will be presented.

Poster TUPOJO22 [1.997 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO22

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Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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FR1AA05

Design Considerations for a Proton Linac for a Compact Accelerator Based Neutron Source

878

SUPCJO01

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M. Abbaslou
UVIC, Victoria, Canada
A. Gottberg, O.K. Kester, R.E. Laxdal, M. Marchetto
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
D.D. Maharaj, D. Marquardt
University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
S. Tabbassum
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

New neutron sources are needed both for Canada and internationally as access to reactor based neutrons shrinks. Compact Accelerator-based Neutron Sources (CANS) offer the possibility of an intense source of pulsed neutrons with a capital cost significantly lower than spallation sources. In an effort to close the neutron gap in Canada a prototype, Canadian compact accelerator-based neutron source (PC-CANS) is proposed for installation at the University of Windsor. The PC-CANS is envisaged to serve two neutron science instruments, a boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) station and a beamline for fluorine-18 radioisotope production for positron emission tomography (PET). To serve these diverse applications of neutron beams, a linear accelerator solution is selected, that will provide 10 MeV protons with a peak current of 10 mA within a 5% duty cycle. The accelerator is based on an RFQ and DTL with a post-DTL pulsed kicker system to simultaneously deliver macro-pulses to each end-station. Several choices of Linac technology are being considered and a comparison of the choices will be presented.

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Slides FR1AA05 [1.945 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-FR1AA05

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Received ※ 27 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022

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