LINAC2022 - List of Authors (Ratzinger, U.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPOGE01	Linac Design within HITRIplus for Particle Therapy	134
	U. Ratzinger, H. Höltermann, B. Koubek, H. Podlech BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany M. Vretenar CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Funding: EU Horizon 2020 Grant agreement No 101008548 Within the EU H2020 project HITRIplus for the development of cancer therapy with heavy ions a linac was designed. It is evolving from the concept of the 4 European cancer therapy centers applying light ions up to carbon. The new linac will in its simpliest version allow C⁴⁺ - beam injection into synchrotrons at 5 A MeV, with high beam transmission and allowing currents up to 5 mA alpha - particles. An advanced ECR - ion source will inject into an RFQ - IH-DTL combination. The DTL concept allows upgraded versions for A/q - values up to two and with beam energies of 7.1 A MeV from IH - tank2 and 10 A MeV from IH-tank3. The higher beam injection energies for light ions allow a relaxed synchrotron operation at lowest magnetic field levels. A main argument for the DTL extensions however is an additional linac function as radioisotope facility driver. The 7.1 A MeV are especially defined for the clean production of 211At, which may play a future role in cancer therapy. The linac will allow for high duty factors - up to 10%, to fulfil the needs for efficient radioisotope production. Solid state amplifiers with matched design RF power levels (up to 600 kW for IH3) will be used.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE01
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE11	Update on the First 3D Printed IH-Type Linac Structure - Proof-of-Concept for Additive Manufacturing of Linac RF Cavities	170
	H. Hähnel, A. Ateş, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Funding: This research was funded by BBMBF grant number 05P21RFRB2. Additive manufacturing ("AM" or "3D printing") has become a powerful tool for rapid prototyping and manufacturing of complex geometries. A 433 MHz IH-DTL cavity has been constructed to act as a proof of concept for additive manufacturing of linac components. In this case, the internal drift tube structure has been produced from 1.4404 stainless steel using AM. We present the concept of the cavity as well as first results of vacuum testing, materials testing and low level rf measurements. Vacuum levels sufficient for linac operation have been reached with the AM linac structure.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE11
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI01	A Multi-Camera System for Tomographic Beam Diagnostics	215
	A. Ateş, G. Blank, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	A prototype of a beam-induced residual gas fluorescence monitor (BIF) has been developed and successfully tested at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) of the Goethe University Frankfurt. This BIF is based on ten single-board cameras inserted into the vacuum and directed onto the beam axis. The overall goal is to study the beam with tomography algorithms at a low energy beam transport section. Recently, we tested the detector with a 60keV, 15mA proton beam at 20Hz and 1ms puls length. In this paper we present the ongoing investigations on image processing and application of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART).
	Poster MOPORI01 [1.826 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI01
About •	Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO05	Welding and Copper Plating Investigations on the FAIR Proton Linac	345
	A. Seibel, T. Dettinger, C.M. Kleffner, K. Knie, C. Will GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M.S. Breidt, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany J. Egly PINK GmbH Vakuumtechnik, Wertheim, Germany
	A FAIR injector linac for the future FAIR facility is under construction. In order to meet the requirements for copper plating of the CH-cavities, a variety of tests with dummy cavities has been per-formed and compared to simulation. Further dummy cavities have been produced in order to improve the welding techniques. In addition, the results on 3d-printed stems with drift tubes will be presented.
	Poster TUPOJO05 [2.863 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO05
About •	Received ※ 08 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO08	Upgrade and Commissioning of the 60 keV Low Energy Beam Transport Line for the Frankfurt Neutron Source FRANZ	352
	H. Hähnel, A. Ateş, G. Blank, M.S. Breidt, D. Bänsch, R. Gössling, T. Metz, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Rüffer, K. Volk, C. Wagner IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany R.H. Hollinger, C. Zhang GSI, Darmstadt, Germany H. Podlech HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) for the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) has been redesigned to accommodate a 60 keV proton beam. Driven by a CHORDIS ion source, operating at 35 kV, a newly designed electrostatic postaccelerator has beeen installed to reach the desired beam energy of 60 keV. Additional upgrades to the beamline include two steerer pairs, several optical diagnostics sections and an additional faraday cup. We present the results of beam commissioning up to the point of RFQ injection. Emittance measurements were performed to prepare matching to the RFQ and improve the beam dynamics model of the low energy beamline. Due to the successful operation of the beamline at 60 keV, retrofitting of the RFQ for the new energy has been initiated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO08
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE18	Operations of Copper Cavities at Cryogenic Temperatures	533
SUPCPA05	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
TUOPA06	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	H. Wang, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	This work is focused on the anomalous skin effect in copper and how it affects the efficiency of copper-cavities in the temperature range 40-50 K. The quality factor Q of three coaxial cavities was measured over the temperature range from 10 K to room temperature in the experiment. The three coaxial cavities have the same structure, but different lengths, which correspond to resonant frequencies: around 100 MHz, 220 MHz and 340 MHz. Furthermore, the effects of copper-plating and additional baking in the vacuum oven on the quality factor Q are studied in the experiment. The motivation is to check the feasibility of an efficient, pulsed, ion linac, operated at cryogenic temperatures.
	Slides TUPOGE18 [1.115 MB]
	Poster TUPOGE18 [1.518 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE18
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPORI06	Harmonic Bunch Formation and Optional RFQ Injection	559
SUPCPA08	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	E. Sunar, U. Ratzinger, M. Syha, R. Tiede IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	With the aim of reduced beam emittances, a pre-bunching concept into an RFQ or a DTL has been developed. The structure has been designed by using a two harmonics double drift buncher which consists of two bunchers: the first one is driven by a fundamental frequency whereas the other is ex- cited with the second harmonic including a drift in between. This well-known "Harmonic Double-Drift-Buncher" is rein- vestigated under space charge conditions for RFQ, cyclotron, and for direct DTL-injection. There are significant benefits for this design such as to catch as many particles as possible from a dc beam into the longitudinal linac acceptance, or to reduce/optimize by up to an order of magnitude the lon- gitudinal emittance for low and medium beam currents. In accordance to these advantages, a new multi-particle track- ing beam dynamics code has been developed which is called "Bunch Creation from a DC beam - BCDC". In this paper we present this new code and some stimulating examples.
	Poster TUPORI06 [28.234 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI06
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPORI30	Application of Permanent Magnets in Solenoid and Quadrupole Focusing	622
	J.D. Kaiser, A. Ateş, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	Permanent magnets can be used to design compact high gradient focusing elements for particle accelerators. Based on cheap industrial standard Neodym permanent magnets, design studies for Solenoids and Quadrupoles are presented. The Solenoid design consists of three segments, where the outer segments possess a radial magnetization and the inner segments an axial magnetization. This increases the mean field strength in comparison to a singlet hollow cylinder solenoid. The quadrupole design consists of 16 block magnets and is designed to be rather simplistic. The casing consists of two half shells, which can be easily mounted around a beam pipe. For a quadrupole triplet configuration the influence of different geometric parameters on beam transport regarding focusing strength and emittance growth is investigated. Furthermore, a variation of the quadrupole design was mounted in vacuum in a triplet configuration. Using custom 3D-printed mounts for small raspberry pi cameras the beam could be observed inside the quadrupoles. A first prototype was constructed
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI30
About •	Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 17 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Linac Design within HITRIplus for Particle Therapy

134

U. Ratzinger, H. Höltermann, B. Koubek, H. Podlech
BEVATECH, Frankfurt, Germany
M. Vretenar
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Funding: EU Horizon 2020 Grant agreement No 101008548
Within the EU H2020 project HITRIplus for the development of cancer therapy with heavy ions a linac was designed. It is evolving from the concept of the 4 European cancer therapy centers applying light ions up to carbon. The new linac will in its simpliest version allow C⁴⁺ - beam injection into synchrotrons at 5 A MeV, with high beam transmission and allowing currents up to 5 mA alpha - particles. An advanced ECR - ion source will inject into an RFQ - IH-DTL combination. The DTL concept allows upgraded versions for A/q - values up to two and with beam energies of 7.1 A MeV from IH - tank2 and 10 A MeV from IH-tank3. The higher beam injection energies for light ions allow a relaxed synchrotron operation at lowest magnetic field levels. A main argument for the DTL extensions however is an additional linac function as radioisotope facility driver. The 7.1 A MeV are especially defined for the clean production of 211At, which may play a future role in cancer therapy. The linac will allow for high duty factors - up to 10%, to fulfil the needs for efficient radioisotope production. Solid state amplifiers with matched design RF power levels (up to 600 kW for IH3) will be used.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE01

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 27 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 07 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOGE11

Update on the First 3D Printed IH-Type Linac Structure - Proof-of-Concept for Additive Manufacturing of Linac RF Cavities

170

H. Hähnel, A. Ateş, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Funding: This research was funded by BBMBF grant number 05P21RFRB2.
Additive manufacturing ("AM" or "3D printing") has become a powerful tool for rapid prototyping and manufacturing of complex geometries. A 433 MHz IH-DTL cavity has been constructed to act as a proof of concept for additive manufacturing of linac components. In this case, the internal drift tube structure has been produced from 1.4404 stainless steel using AM. We present the concept of the cavity as well as first results of vacuum testing, materials testing and low level rf measurements. Vacuum levels sufficient for linac operation have been reached with the AM linac structure.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOGE11

About •

Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 02 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPORI01

A Multi-Camera System for Tomographic Beam Diagnostics

215

A. Ateş, G. Blank, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

A prototype of a beam-induced residual gas fluorescence monitor (BIF) has been developed and successfully tested at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) of the Goethe University Frankfurt. This BIF is based on ten single-board cameras inserted into the vacuum and directed onto the beam axis. The overall goal is to study the beam with tomography algorithms at a low energy beam transport section. Recently, we tested the detector with a 60keV, 15mA proton beam at 20Hz and 1ms puls length. In this paper we present the ongoing investigations on image processing and application of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART).

Poster MOPORI01 [1.826 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPORI01

About •

Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO05

Welding and Copper Plating Investigations on the FAIR Proton Linac

345

A. Seibel, T. Dettinger, C.M. Kleffner, K. Knie, C. Will
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
M.S. Breidt, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
J. Egly
PINK GmbH Vakuumtechnik, Wertheim, Germany

A FAIR injector linac for the future FAIR facility is under construction. In order to meet the requirements for copper plating of the CH-cavities, a variety of tests with dummy cavities has been per-formed and compared to simulation. Further dummy cavities have been produced in order to improve the welding techniques. In addition, the results on 3d-printed stems with drift tubes will be presented.

Poster TUPOJO05 [2.863 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO05

About •

Received ※ 08 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 24 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOJO08

Upgrade and Commissioning of the 60 keV Low Energy Beam Transport Line for the Frankfurt Neutron Source FRANZ

352

H. Hähnel, A. Ateş, G. Blank, M.S. Breidt, D. Bänsch, R. Gössling, T. Metz, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, A. Rüffer, K. Volk, C. Wagner
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R.H. Hollinger, C. Zhang
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
H. Podlech
HFHF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) for the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) has been redesigned to accommodate a 60 keV proton beam. Driven by a CHORDIS ion source, operating at 35 kV, a newly designed electrostatic postaccelerator has beeen installed to reach the desired beam energy of 60 keV. Additional upgrades to the beamline include two steerer pairs, several optical diagnostics sections and an additional faraday cup. We present the results of beam commissioning up to the point of RFQ injection. Emittance measurements were performed to prepare matching to the RFQ and improve the beam dynamics model of the low energy beamline. Due to the successful operation of the beamline at 60 keV, retrofitting of the RFQ for the new energy has been initiated.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOJO08

About •

Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 28 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPOGE18

Operations of Copper Cavities at Cryogenic Temperatures

533

SUPCPA05

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

TUOPA06

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

H. Wang, U. Ratzinger, M. Schuett
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

This work is focused on the anomalous skin effect in copper and how it affects the efficiency of copper-cavities in the temperature range 40-50 K. The quality factor Q of three coaxial cavities was measured over the temperature range from 10 K to room temperature in the experiment. The three coaxial cavities have the same structure, but different lengths, which correspond to resonant frequencies: around 100 MHz, 220 MHz and 340 MHz. Furthermore, the effects of copper-plating and additional baking in the vacuum oven on the quality factor Q are studied in the experiment. The motivation is to check the feasibility of an efficient, pulsed, ion linac, operated at cryogenic temperatures.

Slides TUPOGE18 [1.115 MB]

Poster TUPOGE18 [1.518 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPOGE18

About •

Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 31 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 03 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPORI06

Harmonic Bunch Formation and Optional RFQ Injection

559

SUPCPA08

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

E. Sunar, U. Ratzinger, M. Syha, R. Tiede
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

With the aim of reduced beam emittances, a pre-bunching concept into an RFQ or a DTL has been developed. The structure has been designed by using a two harmonics double drift buncher which consists of two bunchers: the first one is driven by a fundamental frequency whereas the other is ex- cited with the second harmonic including a drift in between. This well-known "Harmonic Double-Drift-Buncher" is rein- vestigated under space charge conditions for RFQ, cyclotron, and for direct DTL-injection. There are significant benefits for this design such as to catch as many particles as possible from a dc beam into the longitudinal linac acceptance, or to reduce/optimize by up to an order of magnitude the lon- gitudinal emittance for low and medium beam currents. In accordance to these advantages, a new multi-particle track- ing beam dynamics code has been developed which is called "Bunch Creation from a DC beam - BCDC". In this paper we present this new code and some stimulating examples.

Poster TUPORI06 [28.234 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI06

About •

Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPORI30

Application of Permanent Magnets in Solenoid and Quadrupole Focusing

622

J.D. Kaiser, A. Ateş, H. Hähnel, U. Ratzinger
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Permanent magnets can be used to design compact high gradient focusing elements for particle accelerators. Based on cheap industrial standard Neodym permanent magnets, design studies for Solenoids and Quadrupoles are presented. The Solenoid design consists of three segments, where the outer segments possess a radial magnetization and the inner segments an axial magnetization. This increases the mean field strength in comparison to a singlet hollow cylinder solenoid. The quadrupole design consists of 16 block magnets and is designed to be rather simplistic. The casing consists of two half shells, which can be easily mounted around a beam pipe. For a quadrupole triplet configuration the influence of different geometric parameters on beam transport regarding focusing strength and emittance growth is investigated. Furthermore, a variation of the quadrupole design was mounted in vacuum in a triplet configuration. Using custom 3D-printed mounts for small raspberry pi cameras the beam could be observed inside the quadrupoles. A first prototype was constructed

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-TUPORI30

About •

Received ※ 13 August 2022 — Revised ※ 17 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 04 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)