LINAC2022 - Table of Session: MOPOJO (Poster Session)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPOJO03	HELEN: A Linear Collider Based on Advanced SRF Technology	31
	S.A. Belomestnykh, P.C. Bhat, M. Checchin, A. Grassellino, M. Martinello, S. Nagaitsev, S. Posen, A.S. Romanenko, V.D. Shiltsev, A. Valishev, V.P. Yakovlev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA S.A. Belomestnykh Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA H. Padamsee Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, managed and operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This paper discusses recently proposed Higgs-Energy LEptoN (HELEN) e+e’ linear collider based on advances superconducting radio frequency technology. The collider offers cost and AC power savings, smaller footprint (relative to the ILC), and could be built at Fermilab with an Interaction Region within the site boundaries. After the initial physics run at 250 GeV, the collider could be upgraded either to higher luminosity or to higher (up to 500 GeV) energies.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO03
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022
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MOPOJO04	LightHouse - A Superconducting LINAC for Producing Medical Isotopes	35
	J.M. Krämer, G. Blokesch, M. Grewe, B. Keune, V. Kümper, M. Pekeler, C. Piel, C. Quitmannpresenter, T.T. Trinh, P. vom Stein RI Research Instruments GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
	The medical isoptope Mo-99 is used for diagnosing several 10 million patients every year. Up to now it is produced from enriched Uranium using high-flux neutron reactors. The Institute for Radio Elements (IRE), Belgium has ordered the design of a high-power superconducting linac for producing Mo-99 without use of nuclear fission as part of their SMART project. The LightHouse accelerator consists of a photo gun and 7 superconducting RF modules"", a beam splitter and target illumination optics. It will deliver two electron beam of 75MeV and 1.5MW each. Photocathodes are prepared and transfered in-situ. We report on the design principles and the Beam Test Facility operating since April 2022. Based on Cornell CBeta design
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO04
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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MOPOJO07	Experimental Study to Optimize the Treatment Efficacy of Pharmaceutical Effluents by Combining Electron Beam Irradiation	38
	P. Kumar, A.B. Kavar, M. Meena, P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India A.P. Deshpande, T.S. Dixit, R. Krishnan SAMEER, Mumbai, India
	Here, we report our first step towards tackling this issue at the roots by irradiating the pharmaceutical effluents from a stages of their existing treatment plant with an Electron Beam (EB) with doses varying from 25 kGy to 200 kGy. We have used a normal conducting pulsed wave linear accelerator developed by SAMEER. It produced a pencil beam of electrons of energy 6 MeV with an average current of 16 micro-Ampere. To ensure optimum dose delivery, Fluka-Flair Simulations have been used. We have successfully demonstrated that electron beam irradiation along with the use of conventional techniques like coagulation after the irradiation can further increase the efficacy of the process with a final reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) to be as large as 65% in some of the cases.
	Poster MOPOJO07 [0.745 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO07
About •	Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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MOPOJO08	RF Design, Optimization and Multiphysics Study of a β = 1, 1.3 GHz Single Cell Accelerating Cavity for High-Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)	41
SUPCGE06	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	M. Meena, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
	High-energy electron accelerators have been used in water purification for several years. They are very effective for the removal of complex impurities. This study aims to design a superconducting electron beam accelerator with an output energy of 1 MeV and beam power of 40 kW for wastewater treatment. A 1.3 GHz single cell elliptic cavity with β = 1 was designed and optimized for TM010 mode and an accelerating gradient of 15 MV/m. For the optimized cavity, the RF parameters, namely, R/Q, transit time factor and geometry factor (G) were found to be 174.93 ohm, 0.67 and 276 ohm, respectively. Multiphysics studies showed that the value of R/Q for fundamental accelerating mode was 174.93 ohm. It was much higher than that of other modes, thus, HOM coupler is not required for the system. The Lorentz force detuning coefficient after stiffening the cavity iris, and the temperature rise due to the RF surface losses were found to be 0.20 Hz/(MV/m)2 and 0.085 K, respectively. It is also observed that there is no occurrence of multipacting for the designed accelerating gradient.
	Poster MOPOJO08 [1.584 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO08
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
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MOPOJO09	A Compact Inverse Compton Scattering Source Based on X-Band Technology and Cavity-Enhanced High Average Power Ultrafast Lasers	44
	A. Latina, R. Corsini, L.A. Dyks, E. Granados, A. Grudiev, V. Musat, S. Stapnes, W. Wuensch CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Cormier CELIA, Talence, France L.A. Dyks Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom G. Santarelli ILE, Palaiseau Cedex, France
	A high-pulse-current injector followed by a short high-gradient X-band linac is considered as a driver for a compact Inverse Compton Scattering source. We show that using a high-power ultrashort pulse laser operating in burst mode and a Fabry-Pérot enhancement cavity, X-rays with flux values over 10¹³ ph/s and photon energies up to MeV are achievable. The resulting high-intensity and high-energy X-rays allow for various applications, including cancer therapy, tomography, and nuclear waste management. A preliminary conceptual design of such a compact ICS source is presented, together with simulations of the expected performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO09
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 September 2022
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MOPOJO10	The Linac Test Facility at Daresbury Laboratory	47
	A.E. Wheelhouse, R. Schnuerer STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom H.L. Gasson, N. Patel, D.H. Rowlands, I. Tahir Teledyne-e2v UK Ltd, Chelmsford, United Kingdom R. Schnuerer Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The LINAC Test Facility (LTF) based at Daresbury Laboratory supports research and development of applications in medical, security, and environmental technologies through the operation of a Compact LINAC. This facility has been operated and upgraded over several years and this work has been performed in a collaboration between STFC and Teledyne e2v, enabling the facility to deliver an increased accelerating gradient of 6 MeV, which has broadened the capability to provide testing of radiotherapy and security scanning technologies. This paper de-scribes the developments undertaken, the benefits gained by both parties, and future planned improvements.
	Poster MOPOJO10 [0.707 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO10
About •	Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2022
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MOPOJO11	Challenges for High-Energy X-Ray Security Screening Linacs	50
	M. Jenkins, J. Ollier, M.G. Procter Rapiscan Systems Ltd, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
	X-ray based Cargo and Vehicle Inspection (CVI) systems are used for security and customs inspections at a variety of locations. To provide the maximum flexibility many users require mobile CVI systems to allow vehicles to be screened efficiently for threats and contraband. The need for mobile systems means that the linear accelerator, and ancillary systems, used to generate the x-rays must be compact, rugged, and reliable. These systems must meet image performance tests specified by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The IEC also defines a standard for material discrimination. The requirements of these standards mean that the x-ray output produced by the linac needs to be consistent during and between scans, with the stability and repeatability of the output being critical. The tolerances on the linac output to meet the performance standards combined with the need for a compact system gives an unusual challenge for the linac design. A review of how different stability measures impact the performance tests is presented. This is compared to current technologies and possible future linacs used for mobile CVI systems.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO11
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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MOPOJO12	Design of a Compact Linac for High Average Power Radiotherapy	53
	C.D. Nantista, G.B. Bowden, Z. Li, M. Shumail, S.G. Tantawi SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA B.W. Loo Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
	We present the design of a compact, 10 MeV, 300 mA pulsed X-band linac developed for medical application. The layout, <1 m including gun, buncher, capture section and current monitor, is of a recent configuration in which the 36 main linac cavities are individually fed in parallel through side waveguide manifolds, allowing for split fabrication. Initially destined for experimental study of FLASH irradiation of mouse tumors, the design was developed as a prototype for realization of a PHASER cancer treatment machine, in which multiple linacs, powered sequentially from a common RF source, are to provide rapid treatment to patients from multiple directions without mechanical movement, delivering dosage on a time scale that essentially freezes the patient. In this paper, we focus on the RF design, beam capture optimization, mechanical design and fabrication of the linac itself, deferring discussion of other important aspects such as window and target design, experimental specification setting, radiation shielding and operations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO12
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 September 2022
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MOPOJO14	New X-Band and S-Band Linear Accelerators at Varex Imaging	56
	A.V. Mishin, B. Howe, J. Stammetti Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, USA
	We have designed, built, and high power tested advanced linear accelerators equipped with our new 3 MeV X-Band Accelerator Beam Centerline ABC-3-X-T-X and a Reduced Spot (RS) S-Band ABC-7ER-S-T-RS-X with broad 3 MeV to 8 MeV energy regulation, which demonstrated excellent performance and superior beam quality. We are immensely proud of these recent accomplishments and would like to share the news with the community.
	Poster MOPOJO14 [0.350 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO14
About •	Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 October 2022
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MOPOJO15	Low Energy Linac for Electronic Brachytherapy	59
	C.-J. Jing, P.V. Avrakhov, J.R. Callahan, B.T. Freemire, E. Gomezpresenter, R.A. Kostin, A. Liu, S. Miller, W. Si, Y. Zhao Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA D.S. Doran, W. Liu, J.G. Power ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA C.G. Liu, M. Pankuch Northwestern University, Northwestern Medicine Proton Center, Warrenville, Illinois, USA D. Mihalcea, P. Piot Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA W.D. Rush KU, Lawrence, Kansas, USA J.S. Welsh Edward Hines Junior VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
	Funding: The project is supported by NNSA under Contract 89233121CNA000209. The use of electronic brachytherapy (EB) has grown rapidly over the past decade. It is gaining significant interest from the global medical community as an improved user-friendly technology to reduce the usage of Ir-192. However, the present EB machines all use electron beams at energies of 100 kV or less to generate the X-ray photons, which limits their use to low dose-rate brachytherapy. We focus on the development of a compact and light weight 1-MeV linac to generate and deliver >250 kV X-ray photons to the patient. The device is intended to retrofit to existing brachytherapy applicators. In this paper we will report progress on this project.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO15
About •	Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022
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MOPOJO16	Cryogenic Accelerator Design for Compact Very High Energy Electron Therapy	62
MOOPA02	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	E.J.C. Snively, V. Borzenets, G.B. Bowden, A.K. Krasnykh, Z. Li, C.D. Nantista, M. Oriunno, M. Shumail, S.G. Tantawipresenter SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA B.W. Loo Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
	Funding: This research has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-C02-76SF00515. We report on the development of a cryogenic X-band (11.424 GHz) accelerator to provide electron beams for Very High Energy Electron therapy. The distributed coupling linac is designed with a 135° phase advance, capable of producing a 100 MeV/m accelerating gradient in a one-meter structure using only 19 MW when operating at 77 K. This peak power will be achieved through pulse compression of a 5-8 MW few-µs pulse, ensuring compatibility with a commercial power source. We present designs of the cryogenic linac and power distribution system, as well as a room temperature pulse compressor using the HE11 mode in a corrugated cavity. We discuss scaling this compact and economical design into a 16 linac array that can achieve FLASH dose rates (> 40 Gy/s) while eliminating the downtime associated with gantry motion.
	Slides MOPOJO16 [1.320 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO16
About •	Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 18 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 September 2022
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MOPOJO17	Design and Optimization of a 100 kV DC Thermionic Electron Gun and Transport Channel for a 1.3 GHz High Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)	65
SUPCJO02	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
MOOPA03	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
	Here we present, the design and optimization of a 100 kV DC thermionic electron gun, and a transport channel that provides transverse focusing through a normal conducting solenoid and longitudinal bunching with the help of a single gap buncher for a 1.3 GHz, 40 kW, 1 MeV superconducting electron accelerator. The accelerator is proposed to treat various contaminants present in potable water resources. A 100 kV thermionic electron gun with LaB6 as its cathode material was intended to extract a maximum beam current of 500 mA. To minimize beam emittance, gun geometry i.e. cathode radius, and height and radius of the focusing electrode are optimized. The minimal obtained emittance at the gun exit is 0.3 mm.mrad. A normal conducting focusing solenoid with an iron encasing is designed and optimized to match and transport the beam from gun exit to the superconducting cavity. Finally, a 1.3 GHz ELBE type buncher is designed and optimized to bunch the electron beam for further acceleration.
	Slides MOPOJO17 [1.268 MB]
	Poster MOPOJO17 [0.813 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO17
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
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MOPOJO18	Manipulation and Measurement of Polarization State for THz Coherent Undulator Radiation	69
	S. Kashiwagi, H. Hama, F. Hinode, T. Muto, I. Nagasawa, K. Nanbu, H. Saito Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan A. Irizawa ISIR, Osaka, Japan H. Zen Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
	We are developing an accelerator-based terahertz source that can produce arbitrary polarization states from linearly polarized coherent undulator radiation (CUR). The polarization manipulation of the CUR can be realized using the Martin’Puplett interferometer employed as an optical phase shifter. This study also demonstrates a variable polarization manipulator by using the terahertz CUR (THz-CUR) source based on an extremely short electron bunch at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University. The horizontally polarized CUR with a frequency of 1.9 THz was manipulated into variable polarization state, and Stokes parameters were measured to derive the degree of polarization. Beam experimental results will be presented in this conference.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO18
About •	Received ※ 09 September 2022 — Revised ※ 18 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022
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MOPOJO19	Programmable SLED System for Single Bunch and Multibunch Linac Operation	73
	C. Christou, P. Gu, A. Tropp DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
	The Diamond Light Source pre-injector linac generates single bunch and multibunch 100 MeV electron beams for top-up and fill of the storage ring. The linac is powered by two high-power 3 GHz klystrons, and both klystrons are required for reliable injection into the booster and storage ring. In order to introduce redundancy, a SLED pulse compression cavity has been installed so that the linac can operate from just one klystron, with the second klystron held as a standby. A simple phase flip can be used to generate a high-power transient RF spike, suitable for single bunch linac operation, and a programmable amplitude and phase drive profile can be specified to generate a constant-power klystron output suitable for multibunch operation. Details are presented of design, installation and high-power operation of the SLED system, and the ability to generate a long pulse, including corrections for klystron nonlinearity and deviations from modulator flat-top, is demonstrated.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO19
About •	Received ※ 09 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 September 2022
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Paper

Title

Page

HELEN: A Linear Collider Based on Advanced SRF Technology

31

S.A. Belomestnykh, P.C. Bhat, M. Checchin, A. Grassellino, M. Martinello, S. Nagaitsev, S. Posen, A.S. Romanenko, V.D. Shiltsev, A. Valishev, V.P. Yakovlev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S.A. Belomestnykh
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
H. Padamsee
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, managed and operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
This paper discusses recently proposed Higgs-Energy LEptoN (HELEN) e+e’ linear collider based on advances superconducting radio frequency technology. The collider offers cost and AC power savings, smaller footprint (relative to the ILC), and could be built at Fermilab with an Interaction Region within the site boundaries. After the initial physics run at 250 GeV, the collider could be upgraded either to higher luminosity or to higher (up to 500 GeV) energies.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO03

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 04 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 15 September 2022

Cite •

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MOPOJO04

LightHouse - A Superconducting LINAC for Producing Medical Isotopes

35

J.M. Krämer, G. Blokesch, M. Grewe, B. Keune, V. Kümper, M. Pekeler, C. Piel, C. Quitmannpresenter, T.T. Trinh, P. vom Stein
RI Research Instruments GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

The medical isoptope Mo-99 is used for diagnosing several 10 million patients every year. Up to now it is produced from enriched Uranium using high-flux neutron reactors. The Institute for Radio Elements (IRE), Belgium has ordered the design of a high-power superconducting linac for producing Mo-99 without use of nuclear fission as part of their SMART project. The LightHouse accelerator consists of a photo gun and 7 superconducting RF modules"*", a beam splitter and target illumination optics. It will deliver two electron beam of 75MeV and 1.5MW each. Photocathodes are prepared and transfered in-situ. We report on the design principles and the Beam Test Facility operating since April 2022.
*Based on Cornell CBeta design

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO04

About •

Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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MOPOJO07

Experimental Study to Optimize the Treatment Efficacy of Pharmaceutical Effluents by Combining Electron Beam Irradiation

38

P. Kumar, A.B. Kavar, M. Meena, P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
A.P. Deshpande, T.S. Dixit, R. Krishnan
SAMEER, Mumbai, India

Here, we report our first step towards tackling this issue at the roots by irradiating the pharmaceutical effluents from a stages of their existing treatment plant with an Electron Beam (EB) with doses varying from 25 kGy to 200 kGy. We have used a normal conducting pulsed wave linear accelerator developed by SAMEER. It produced a pencil beam of electrons of energy 6 MeV with an average current of 16 micro-Ampere. To ensure optimum dose delivery, Fluka-Flair Simulations have been used. We have successfully demonstrated that electron beam irradiation along with the use of conventional techniques like coagulation after the irradiation can further increase the efficacy of the process with a final reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) to be as large as 65% in some of the cases.

Poster MOPOJO07 [0.745 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO07

About •

Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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MOPOJO08

RF Design, Optimization and Multiphysics Study of a β = 1, 1.3 GHz Single Cell Accelerating Cavity for High-Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)

41

SUPCGE06

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

M. Meena, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India

High-energy electron accelerators have been used in water purification for several years. They are very effective for the removal of complex impurities. This study aims to design a superconducting electron beam accelerator with an output energy of 1 MeV and beam power of 40 kW for wastewater treatment. A 1.3 GHz single cell elliptic cavity with β = 1 was designed and optimized for TM010 mode and an accelerating gradient of 15 MV/m. For the optimized cavity, the RF parameters, namely, R/Q, transit time factor and geometry factor (G) were found to be 174.93 ohm, 0.67 and 276 ohm, respectively. Multiphysics studies showed that the value of R/Q for fundamental accelerating mode was 174.93 ohm. It was much higher than that of other modes, thus, HOM coupler is not required for the system. The Lorentz force detuning coefficient after stiffening the cavity iris, and the temperature rise due to the RF surface losses were found to be 0.20 Hz/(MV/m)2 and 0.085 K, respectively. It is also observed that there is no occurrence of multipacting for the designed accelerating gradient.

Poster MOPOJO08 [1.584 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO08

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022

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MOPOJO09

A Compact Inverse Compton Scattering Source Based on X-Band Technology and Cavity-Enhanced High Average Power Ultrafast Lasers

44

A. Latina, R. Corsini, L.A. Dyks, E. Granados, A. Grudiev, V. Musat, S. Stapnes, W. Wuensch
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Cormier
CELIA, Talence, France
L.A. Dyks
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
G. Santarelli
ILE, Palaiseau Cedex, France

A high-pulse-current injector followed by a short high-gradient X-band linac is considered as a driver for a compact Inverse Compton Scattering source. We show that using a high-power ultrashort pulse laser operating in burst mode and a Fabry-Pérot enhancement cavity, X-rays with flux values over 10¹³ ph/s and photon energies up to MeV are achievable. The resulting high-intensity and high-energy X-rays allow for various applications, including cancer therapy, tomography, and nuclear waste management. A preliminary conceptual design of such a compact ICS source is presented, together with simulations of the expected performance.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO09

About •

Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 30 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 September 2022

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MOPOJO10

The Linac Test Facility at Daresbury Laboratory

47

A.E. Wheelhouse, R. Schnuerer
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
H.L. Gasson, N. Patel, D.H. Rowlands, I. Tahir
Teledyne-e2v UK Ltd, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
R. Schnuerer
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The LINAC Test Facility (LTF) based at Daresbury Laboratory supports research and development of applications in medical, security, and environmental technologies through the operation of a Compact LINAC. This facility has been operated and upgraded over several years and this work has been performed in a collaboration between STFC and Teledyne e2v, enabling the facility to deliver an increased accelerating gradient of 6 MeV, which has broadened the capability to provide testing of radiotherapy and security scanning technologies. This paper de-scribes the developments undertaken, the benefits gained by both parties, and future planned improvements.

Poster MOPOJO10 [0.707 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO10

About •

Received ※ 12 August 2022 — Revised ※ 19 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 13 October 2022

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MOPOJO11

Challenges for High-Energy X-Ray Security Screening Linacs

50

M. Jenkins, J. Ollier, M.G. Procter
Rapiscan Systems Ltd, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom

X-ray based Cargo and Vehicle Inspection (CVI) systems are used for security and customs inspections at a variety of locations. To provide the maximum flexibility many users require mobile CVI systems to allow vehicles to be screened efficiently for threats and contraband. The need for mobile systems means that the linear accelerator, and ancillary systems, used to generate the x-rays must be compact, rugged, and reliable. These systems must meet image performance tests specified by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The IEC also defines a standard for material discrimination. The requirements of these standards mean that the x-ray output produced by the linac needs to be consistent during and between scans, with the stability and repeatability of the output being critical. The tolerances on the linac output to meet the performance standards combined with the need for a compact system gives an unusual challenge for the linac design. A review of how different stability measures impact the performance tests is presented. This is compared to current technologies and possible future linacs used for mobile CVI systems.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO11

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Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 29 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

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MOPOJO12

Design of a Compact Linac for High Average Power Radiotherapy

53

C.D. Nantista, G.B. Bowden, Z. Li, M. Shumail, S.G. Tantawi
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
B.W. Loo
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

We present the design of a compact, 10 MeV, 300 mA pulsed X-band linac developed for medical application. The layout, <1 m including gun, buncher, capture section and current monitor, is of a recent configuration in which the 36 main linac cavities are individually fed in parallel through side waveguide manifolds, allowing for split fabrication. Initially destined for experimental study of FLASH irradiation of mouse tumors, the design was developed as a prototype for realization of a PHASER cancer treatment machine, in which multiple linacs, powered sequentially from a common RF source, are to provide rapid treatment to patients from multiple directions without mechanical movement, delivering dosage on a time scale that essentially freezes the patient. In this paper, we focus on the RF design, beam capture optimization, mechanical design and fabrication of the linac itself, deferring discussion of other important aspects such as window and target design, experimental specification setting, radiation shielding and operations.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO12

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Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 06 September 2022

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MOPOJO14

New X-Band and S-Band Linear Accelerators at Varex Imaging

56

A.V. Mishin, B. Howe, J. Stammetti
Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, USA

We have designed, built, and high power tested advanced linear accelerators equipped with our new 3 MeV X-Band Accelerator Beam Centerline ABC-3-X-T-X and a Reduced Spot (RS) S-Band ABC-7ER-S-T-RS-X with broad 3 MeV to 8 MeV energy regulation, which demonstrated excellent performance and superior beam quality. We are immensely proud of these recent accomplishments and would like to share the news with the community.

Poster MOPOJO14 [0.350 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO14

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Received ※ 19 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 28 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 October 2022

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MOPOJO15

Low Energy Linac for Electronic Brachytherapy

59

C.-J. Jing, P.V. Avrakhov, J.R. Callahan, B.T. Freemire, E. Gomezpresenter, R.A. Kostin, A. Liu, S. Miller, W. Si, Y. Zhao
Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
D.S. Doran, W. Liu, J.G. Power
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
C.G. Liu, M. Pankuch
Northwestern University, Northwestern Medicine Proton Center, Warrenville, Illinois, USA
D. Mihalcea, P. Piot
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
W.D. Rush
KU, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
J.S. Welsh
Edward Hines Junior VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA

Funding: The project is supported by NNSA under Contract 89233121CNA000209.
The use of electronic brachytherapy (EB) has grown rapidly over the past decade. It is gaining significant interest from the global medical community as an improved user-friendly technology to reduce the usage of Ir-192. However, the present EB machines all use electron beams at energies of 100 kV or less to generate the X-ray photons, which limits their use to low dose-rate brachytherapy. We focus on the development of a compact and light weight 1-MeV linac to generate and deliver >250 kV X-ray photons to the patient. The device is intended to retrofit to existing brachytherapy applicators. In this paper we will report progress on this project.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO15

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Received ※ 20 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 31 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 09 September 2022

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MOPOJO16

Cryogenic Accelerator Design for Compact Very High Energy Electron Therapy

62

MOOPA02

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E.J.C. Snively, V. Borzenets, G.B. Bowden, A.K. Krasnykh, Z. Li, C.D. Nantista, M. Oriunno, M. Shumail, S.G. Tantawipresenter
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
B.W. Loo
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

Funding: This research has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-C02-76SF00515.
We report on the development of a cryogenic X-band (11.424 GHz) accelerator to provide electron beams for Very High Energy Electron therapy. The distributed coupling linac is designed with a 135° phase advance, capable of producing a 100 MeV/m accelerating gradient in a one-meter structure using only 19 MW when operating at 77 K. This peak power will be achieved through pulse compression of a 5-8 MW few-µs pulse, ensuring compatibility with a commercial power source. We present designs of the cryogenic linac and power distribution system, as well as a room temperature pulse compressor using the HE11 mode in a corrugated cavity. We discuss scaling this compact and economical design into a 16 linac array that can achieve FLASH dose rates (> 40 Gy/s) while eliminating the downtime associated with gantry motion.

Slides MOPOJO16 [1.320 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO16

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Received ※ 14 August 2022 — Revised ※ 18 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 26 September 2022

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MOPOJO17

Design and Optimization of a 100 kV DC Thermionic Electron Gun and Transport Channel for a 1.3 GHz High Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)

65

SUPCJO02

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MOOPA03

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P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India

Here we present, the design and optimization of a 100 kV DC thermionic electron gun, and a transport channel that provides transverse focusing through a normal conducting solenoid and longitudinal bunching with the help of a single gap buncher for a 1.3 GHz, 40 kW, 1 MeV superconducting electron accelerator. The accelerator is proposed to treat various contaminants present in potable water resources. A 100 kV thermionic electron gun with LaB6 as its cathode material was intended to extract a maximum beam current of 500 mA. To minimize beam emittance, gun geometry i.e. cathode radius, and height and radius of the focusing electrode are optimized. The minimal obtained emittance at the gun exit is 0.3 mm.mrad. A normal conducting focusing solenoid with an iron encasing is designed and optimized to match and transport the beam from gun exit to the superconducting cavity. Finally, a 1.3 GHz ELBE type buncher is designed and optimized to bunch the electron beam for further acceleration.

Slides MOPOJO17 [1.268 MB]

Poster MOPOJO17 [0.813 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO17

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Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022

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MOPOJO18

Manipulation and Measurement of Polarization State for THz Coherent Undulator Radiation

69

S. Kashiwagi, H. Hama, F. Hinode, T. Muto, I. Nagasawa, K. Nanbu, H. Saito
Tohoku University, Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Sendai, Japan
A. Irizawa
ISIR, Osaka, Japan
H. Zen
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

We are developing an accelerator-based terahertz source that can produce arbitrary polarization states from linearly polarized coherent undulator radiation (CUR). The polarization manipulation of the CUR can be realized using the Martin’Puplett interferometer employed as an optical phase shifter. This study also demonstrates a variable polarization manipulator by using the terahertz CUR (THz-CUR) source based on an extremely short electron bunch at Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University. The horizontally polarized CUR with a frequency of 1.9 THz was manipulated into variable polarization state, and Stokes parameters were measured to derive the degree of polarization. Beam experimental results will be presented in this conference.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO18

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Received ※ 09 September 2022 — Revised ※ 18 September 2022 — Accepted ※ 21 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 12 October 2022

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MOPOJO19

Programmable SLED System for Single Bunch and Multibunch Linac Operation

73

C. Christou, P. Gu, A. Tropp
DLS, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The Diamond Light Source pre-injector linac generates single bunch and multibunch 100 MeV electron beams for top-up and fill of the storage ring. The linac is powered by two high-power 3 GHz klystrons, and both klystrons are required for reliable injection into the booster and storage ring. In order to introduce redundancy, a SLED pulse compression cavity has been installed so that the linac can operate from just one klystron, with the second klystron held as a standby. A simple phase flip can be used to generate a high-power transient RF spike, suitable for single bunch linac operation, and a programmable amplitude and phase drive profile can be specified to generate a constant-power klystron output suitable for multibunch operation. Details are presented of design, installation and high-power operation of the SLED system, and the ability to generate a long pulse, including corrections for klystron nonlinearity and deviations from modulator flat-top, is demonstrated.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO19

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Received ※ 09 August 2022 — Revised ※ 29 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 02 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 08 September 2022

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