Author: Varma, R.
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MOPOJO07 Experimental Study to Optimize the Treatment Efficacy of Pharmaceutical Effluents by Combining Electron Beam Irradiation 38
 
  • P. Kumar, A.B. Kavar, M. Meena, P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma
    IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
  • A.P. Deshpande, T.S. Dixit, R. Krishnan
    SAMEER, Mumbai, India
  
  Here, we re­port our first step to­wards tack­ling this issue at the roots by ir­ra­di­at­ing the phar­ma­ceu­ti­cal ef­flu­ents from a stages of their ex­ist­ing treat­ment plant with an Elec­tron Beam (EB) with doses vary­ing from 25 kGy to 200 kGy. We have used a nor­mal con­duct­ing pulsed wave lin­ear ac­cel­er­a­tor de­vel­oped by SAMEER. It pro­duced a pen­cil beam of elec­trons of en­ergy 6 MeV with an av­er­age cur­rent of 16 mi­cro-Am­pere. To en­sure op­ti­mum dose de­liv­ery, Fluka-Flair Sim­u­la­tions have been used. We have suc­cess­fully demon­strated that elec­tron beam ir­ra­di­a­tion along with the use of con­ven­tional tech­niques like co­ag­u­la­tion after the ir­ra­di­a­tion can fur­ther in­crease the ef­fi­cacy of the process with a final re­duc­tion in Chem­i­cal Oxy­gen De­mand (COD) to be as large as 65% in some of the cases.  
poster icon Poster MOPOJO07 [0.745 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO07  
About • Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
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MOPOJO08 RF Design, Optimization and Multiphysics Study of a β = 1, 1.3 GHz Single Cell Accelerating Cavity for High-Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA) 41
SUPCGE06   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • M. Meena, A. Pathak, R. Varma
    IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
  
  High-en­ergy elec­tron ac­cel­er­a­tors have been used in water pu­rifi­ca­tion for sev­eral years. They are very ef­fec­tive for the re­moval of com­plex im­pu­ri­ties. This study aims to de­sign a su­per­con­duct­ing elec­tron beam ac­cel­er­a­tor with an out­put en­ergy of 1 MeV and beam power of 40 kW for waste­water treat­ment. A 1.3 GHz sin­gle cell el­lip­tic cav­ity with β = 1 was de­signed and op­ti­mized for TM010 mode and an ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ent of 15 MV/m. For the op­ti­mized cav­ity, the RF pa­ra­me­ters, namely, R/Q, tran­sit time fac­tor and geom­e­try fac­tor (G) were found to be 174.93 ohm, 0.67 and 276 ohm, re­spec­tively. Mul­ti­physics stud­ies showed that the value of R/Q for fun­da­men­tal ac­cel­er­at­ing mode was 174.93 ohm. It was much higher than that of other modes, thus, HOM cou­pler is not re­quired for the sys­tem. The Lorentz force de­tun­ing co­ef­fi­cient after stiff­en­ing the cav­ity iris, and the tem­per­a­ture rise due to the RF sur­face losses were found to be 0.20 Hz/(MV/m)2 and 0.085 K, re­spec­tively. It is also ob­served that there is no oc­cur­rence of mul­ti­pact­ing for the de­signed ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ent.  
poster icon Poster MOPOJO08 [1.584 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO08  
About • Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
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MOPOJO17 Design and Optimization of a 100 kV DC Thermionic Electron Gun and Transport Channel for a 1.3 GHz High Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA) 65
SUPCJO02   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
MOOPA03   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma
    IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
  
  Here we pre­sent, the de­sign and op­ti­miza­tion of a 100 kV DC thermionic elec­tron gun, and a trans­port chan­nel that pro­vides trans­verse fo­cus­ing through a nor­mal con­duct­ing so­le­noid and lon­gi­tu­di­nal bunch­ing with the help of a sin­gle gap buncher for a 1.3 GHz, 40 kW, 1 MeV su­per­con­duct­ing elec­tron ac­cel­er­a­tor. The ac­cel­er­a­tor is pro­posed to treat var­i­ous con­t­a­m­i­nants pre­sent in potable water re­sources. A 100 kV thermionic elec­tron gun with LaB6 as its cath­ode ma­te­r­ial was in­tended to ex­tract a max­i­mum beam cur­rent of 500 mA. To min­i­mize beam emit­tance, gun geom­e­try i.e. cath­ode ra­dius, and height and ra­dius of the fo­cus­ing elec­trode are op­ti­mized. The min­i­mal ob­tained emit­tance at the gun exit is 0.3 mm.​mrad. A nor­mal con­duct­ing fo­cus­ing so­le­noid with an iron en­cas­ing is de­signed and op­ti­mized to match and trans­port the beam from gun exit to the su­per­con­duct­ing cav­ity. Fi­nally, a 1.3 GHz ELBE type buncher is de­signed and op­ti­mized to bunch the elec­tron beam for fur­ther ac­cel­er­a­tion.  
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poster icon Poster MOPOJO17 [0.813 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO17  
About • Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
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THPOGE03 Design & Multiphysics Analysis of Three-cell, 1.3 GHz Superconducting RF Cavity for Electron Beam Accelerator to Treat Wastewater 809
SUPCGE04   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • P. Kumar, A. Pathak, R. Varma
    IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
  
  To treat in­dus­trial ef­flu­ents in­clud­ing con­t­a­m­i­nants of emerg­ing con­cern (CECs), Ir­ra­di­a­tion treat­ment by elec­tron beam ac­cel­er­a­tor has shown promis­ing re­sults. Our aim is to de­sign and de­velop a su­per­con­duct­ing lin­ear elec­tron ac­cel­er­a­tor. A 1.3 GHz, three cell con­duc­tion cooled, TM class su­per­con­duct­ing cav­ity has been pro­posed to ac­cel­er­ate a 100 mA elec­tron beam from 100 keV to 4.5 MeV. The main aim of the de­sign is to op­ti­mize the cav­ity for low heat loss and high ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ent. The op­ti­mized ratio of peak sur­face elec­tric and mag­netic field to ac­cel­er­at­ing field for cav­ity are Epk/Eacc= 2.72 and Hpk/Eacc= 4.11 mT/(MV/m). The op­ti­mized Geom­e­try fac­tor (G) and R/Q val­ues for this cav­ity are 246.7 and 306.4 ohms re­spec­tively. Here we also ad­dressed other mul­ti­physics is­sues such as Lorentz force de­tun­ing (LFD), Higher order modes (HOMs) and Mul­ti­pact­ing. The mul­ti­physics analy­sis helps to es­ti­mate the de­gree of these chal­lenges. The final Lorentz de­tun­ing fac­tor of the cav­ity has been re­duced to 0.12 Hz/(MV/m)2, HOMs of 2.18 and 2.9 GHz modes are dom­i­nat­ing ex­cept the main mode and Mul­ti­pact­ing phe­nom­ena is not found at 15 MV/m of ac­cel­er­at­ing gra­di­ent.  
poster icon Poster THPOGE03 [1.121 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOGE03  
About • Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022
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THPORI09 Design and Optimization of a 1.3 GHz Gridded Thermionic Electron Gun for High-Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA) 851
SUPCGE05   use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code  
 
  • A.B. Kavar, A. Pathak, R. Varma
    IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
  
  The de­sign and op­ti­miza­tion of the pro­posed 1.3 GHz grid­ded thermionic elec­tron gun aims to drive a con­duc­tion cooled su­per­con­duct­ing elec­tron ac­cel­er­a­tor that will be used to treat con­t­a­m­i­nants of emerg­ing con­cern in water bod­ies. The gun geom­e­try is Pierce-type and op­ti­mized for beam cur­rent of 1A with LaB6 as cath­ode ma­te­r­ial at cath­ode po­ten­tial of -100 kV. The final op­ti­mized cath­ode ra­dius and angle of in­cli­na­tion of the fo­cus­ing elec­trode are found to be 1.5 mm, and 77 de­gree re­spec­tively. For an emit­tance com­pen­sa­tion elec­trode, the op­ti­mized val­ues for thick­ness and po­ten­tial are 2 mm and -50 kV re­spec­tively, and sep­a­ra­tion be­tween cath­ode and com­pen­sator is 8 mm. Beam dy­nam­ics cal­cu­la­tions have been per­formed with self-de­vel­oped par­ti­cle track­ing code that as­sumes space charge in­ter­ac­tions and im­ported fields. The beam dy­nam­ics sim­u­la­tions show that with an ini­tial bunch length of 50 ps hav­ing a bunch charge of 5 pC, the bunch length of the bunch re­duces to 33 ps. The di­am­e­ter, trans­verse and lon­gi­tu­di­nal emit­tance ob­tained are 2.8 mm, 1 mm-mrad and 5 mm-mrad re­spec­tively.  
poster icon Poster THPORI09 [1.238 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI09  
About • Received ※ 11 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022
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