LINAC2022 - List of Authors (Varma, R.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPOJO07	Experimental Study to Optimize the Treatment Efficacy of Pharmaceutical Effluents by Combining Electron Beam Irradiation	38
	P. Kumar, A.B. Kavar, M. Meena, P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India A.P. Deshpande, T.S. Dixit, R. Krishnan SAMEER, Mumbai, India
	Here, we report our first step towards tackling this issue at the roots by irradiating the pharmaceutical effluents from a stages of their existing treatment plant with an Electron Beam (EB) with doses varying from 25 kGy to 200 kGy. We have used a normal conducting pulsed wave linear accelerator developed by SAMEER. It produced a pencil beam of electrons of energy 6 MeV with an average current of 16 micro-Ampere. To ensure optimum dose delivery, Fluka-Flair Simulations have been used. We have successfully demonstrated that electron beam irradiation along with the use of conventional techniques like coagulation after the irradiation can further increase the efficacy of the process with a final reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) to be as large as 65% in some of the cases.
	Poster MOPOJO07 [0.745 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO07
About •	Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO08	RF Design, Optimization and Multiphysics Study of a β = 1, 1.3 GHz Single Cell Accelerating Cavity for High-Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)	41
SUPCGE06	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	M. Meena, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
	High-energy electron accelerators have been used in water purification for several years. They are very effective for the removal of complex impurities. This study aims to design a superconducting electron beam accelerator with an output energy of 1 MeV and beam power of 40 kW for wastewater treatment. A 1.3 GHz single cell elliptic cavity with β = 1 was designed and optimized for TM010 mode and an accelerating gradient of 15 MV/m. For the optimized cavity, the RF parameters, namely, R/Q, transit time factor and geometry factor (G) were found to be 174.93 ohm, 0.67 and 276 ohm, respectively. Multiphysics studies showed that the value of R/Q for fundamental accelerating mode was 174.93 ohm. It was much higher than that of other modes, thus, HOM coupler is not required for the system. The Lorentz force detuning coefficient after stiffening the cavity iris, and the temperature rise due to the RF surface losses were found to be 0.20 Hz/(MV/m)2 and 0.085 K, respectively. It is also observed that there is no occurrence of multipacting for the designed accelerating gradient.
	Poster MOPOJO08 [1.584 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO08
About •	Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO17	Design and Optimization of a 100 kV DC Thermionic Electron Gun and Transport Channel for a 1.3 GHz High Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)	65
SUPCJO02	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
MOOPA03	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
	Here we present, the design and optimization of a 100 kV DC thermionic electron gun, and a transport channel that provides transverse focusing through a normal conducting solenoid and longitudinal bunching with the help of a single gap buncher for a 1.3 GHz, 40 kW, 1 MeV superconducting electron accelerator. The accelerator is proposed to treat various contaminants present in potable water resources. A 100 kV thermionic electron gun with LaB6 as its cathode material was intended to extract a maximum beam current of 500 mA. To minimize beam emittance, gun geometry i.e. cathode radius, and height and radius of the focusing electrode are optimized. The minimal obtained emittance at the gun exit is 0.3 mm.mrad. A normal conducting focusing solenoid with an iron encasing is designed and optimized to match and transport the beam from gun exit to the superconducting cavity. Finally, a 1.3 GHz ELBE type buncher is designed and optimized to bunch the electron beam for further acceleration.
	Slides MOPOJO17 [1.268 MB]
	Poster MOPOJO17 [0.813 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO17
About •	Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022
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THPOGE03	Design & Multiphysics Analysis of Three-cell, 1.3 GHz Superconducting RF Cavity for Electron Beam Accelerator to Treat Wastewater	809
SUPCGE04	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	P. Kumar, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
	To treat industrial effluents including contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), Irradiation treatment by electron beam accelerator has shown promising results. Our aim is to design and develop a superconducting linear electron accelerator. A 1.3 GHz, three cell conduction cooled, TM class superconducting cavity has been proposed to accelerate a 100 mA electron beam from 100 keV to 4.5 MeV. The main aim of the design is to optimize the cavity for low heat loss and high accelerating gradient. The optimized ratio of peak surface electric and magnetic field to accelerating field for cavity are Epk/E_acc= 2.72 and Hpk/E_acc= 4.11 mT/(MV/m). The optimized Geometry factor (G) and R/Q values for this cavity are 246.7 and 306.4 ohms respectively. Here we also addressed other multiphysics issues such as Lorentz force detuning (LFD), Higher order modes (HOMs) and Multipacting. The multiphysics analysis helps to estimate the degree of these challenges. The final Lorentz detuning factor of the cavity has been reduced to 0.12 Hz/(MV/m)2, HOMs of 2.18 and 2.9 GHz modes are dominating except the main mode and Multipacting phenomena is not found at 15 MV/m of accelerating gradient.
	Poster THPOGE03 [1.121 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOGE03
About •	Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022
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THPORI09	Design and Optimization of a 1.3 GHz Gridded Thermionic Electron Gun for High-Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)	851
SUPCGE05	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	A.B. Kavar, A. Pathak, R. Varma IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
	The design and optimization of the proposed 1.3 GHz gridded thermionic electron gun aims to drive a conduction cooled superconducting electron accelerator that will be used to treat contaminants of emerging concern in water bodies. The gun geometry is Pierce-type and optimized for beam current of 1A with LaB6 as cathode material at cathode potential of -100 kV. The final optimized cathode radius and angle of inclination of the focusing electrode are found to be 1.5 mm, and 77 degree respectively. For an emittance compensation electrode, the optimized values for thickness and potential are 2 mm and -50 kV respectively, and separation between cathode and compensator is 8 mm. Beam dynamics calculations have been performed with self-developed particle tracking code that assumes space charge interactions and imported fields. The beam dynamics simulations show that with an initial bunch length of 50 ps having a bunch charge of 5 pC, the bunch length of the bunch reduces to 33 ps. The diameter, transverse and longitudinal emittance obtained are 2.8 mm, 1 mm-mrad and 5 mm-mrad respectively.
	Poster THPORI09 [1.238 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI09
About •	Received ※ 11 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Experimental Study to Optimize the Treatment Efficacy of Pharmaceutical Effluents by Combining Electron Beam Irradiation

38

P. Kumar, A.B. Kavar, M. Meena, P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India
A.P. Deshpande, T.S. Dixit, R. Krishnan
SAMEER, Mumbai, India

Here, we report our first step towards tackling this issue at the roots by irradiating the pharmaceutical effluents from a stages of their existing treatment plant with an Electron Beam (EB) with doses varying from 25 kGy to 200 kGy. We have used a normal conducting pulsed wave linear accelerator developed by SAMEER. It produced a pencil beam of electrons of energy 6 MeV with an average current of 16 micro-Ampere. To ensure optimum dose delivery, Fluka-Flair Simulations have been used. We have successfully demonstrated that electron beam irradiation along with the use of conventional techniques like coagulation after the irradiation can further increase the efficacy of the process with a final reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) to be as large as 65% in some of the cases.

Poster MOPOJO07 [0.745 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO07

About •

Received ※ 17 August 2022 — Revised ※ 21 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 26 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 01 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO08

RF Design, Optimization and Multiphysics Study of a β = 1, 1.3 GHz Single Cell Accelerating Cavity for High-Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)

41

SUPCGE06

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

M. Meena, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India

High-energy electron accelerators have been used in water purification for several years. They are very effective for the removal of complex impurities. This study aims to design a superconducting electron beam accelerator with an output energy of 1 MeV and beam power of 40 kW for wastewater treatment. A 1.3 GHz single cell elliptic cavity with β = 1 was designed and optimized for TM010 mode and an accelerating gradient of 15 MV/m. For the optimized cavity, the RF parameters, namely, R/Q, transit time factor and geometry factor (G) were found to be 174.93 ohm, 0.67 and 276 ohm, respectively. Multiphysics studies showed that the value of R/Q for fundamental accelerating mode was 174.93 ohm. It was much higher than that of other modes, thus, HOM coupler is not required for the system. The Lorentz force detuning coefficient after stiffening the cavity iris, and the temperature rise due to the RF surface losses were found to be 0.20 Hz/(MV/m)2 and 0.085 K, respectively. It is also observed that there is no occurrence of multipacting for the designed accelerating gradient.

Poster MOPOJO08 [1.584 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO08

About •

Received ※ 24 August 2022 — Revised ※ 26 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPOJO17

Design and Optimization of a 100 kV DC Thermionic Electron Gun and Transport Channel for a 1.3 GHz High Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)

65

SUPCJO02

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

MOOPA03

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

P. Nama, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India

Here we present, the design and optimization of a 100 kV DC thermionic electron gun, and a transport channel that provides transverse focusing through a normal conducting solenoid and longitudinal bunching with the help of a single gap buncher for a 1.3 GHz, 40 kW, 1 MeV superconducting electron accelerator. The accelerator is proposed to treat various contaminants present in potable water resources. A 100 kV thermionic electron gun with LaB6 as its cathode material was intended to extract a maximum beam current of 500 mA. To minimize beam emittance, gun geometry i.e. cathode radius, and height and radius of the focusing electrode are optimized. The minimal obtained emittance at the gun exit is 0.3 mm.mrad. A normal conducting focusing solenoid with an iron encasing is designed and optimized to match and transport the beam from gun exit to the superconducting cavity. Finally, a 1.3 GHz ELBE type buncher is designed and optimized to bunch the electron beam for further acceleration.

Slides MOPOJO17 [1.268 MB]

Poster MOPOJO17 [0.813 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-MOPOJO17

About •

Received ※ 23 August 2022 — Revised ※ 24 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 27 August 2022 — Issue date ※ 31 August 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPOGE03

Design & Multiphysics Analysis of Three-cell, 1.3 GHz Superconducting RF Cavity for Electron Beam Accelerator to Treat Wastewater

809

SUPCGE04

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

P. Kumar, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India

To treat industrial effluents including contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), Irradiation treatment by electron beam accelerator has shown promising results. Our aim is to design and develop a superconducting linear electron accelerator. A 1.3 GHz, three cell conduction cooled, TM class superconducting cavity has been proposed to accelerate a 100 mA electron beam from 100 keV to 4.5 MeV. The main aim of the design is to optimize the cavity for low heat loss and high accelerating gradient. The optimized ratio of peak surface electric and magnetic field to accelerating field for cavity are Epk/E_acc= 2.72 and Hpk/E_acc= 4.11 mT/(MV/m). The optimized Geometry factor (G) and R/Q values for this cavity are 246.7 and 306.4 ohms respectively. Here we also addressed other multiphysics issues such as Lorentz force detuning (LFD), Higher order modes (HOMs) and Multipacting. The multiphysics analysis helps to estimate the degree of these challenges. The final Lorentz detuning factor of the cavity has been reduced to 0.12 Hz/(MV/m)2, HOMs of 2.18 and 2.9 GHz modes are dominating except the main mode and Multipacting phenomena is not found at 15 MV/m of accelerating gradient.

Poster THPOGE03 [1.121 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPOGE03

About •

Received ※ 22 August 2022 — Revised ※ 25 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 14 October 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPORI09

Design and Optimization of a 1.3 GHz Gridded Thermionic Electron Gun for High-Intensity Compact Superconducting Electron Accelerator (HICSEA)

851

SUPCGE05

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

A.B. Kavar, A. Pathak, R. Varma
IIT Mumbai, Mumbai, India

The design and optimization of the proposed 1.3 GHz gridded thermionic electron gun aims to drive a conduction cooled superconducting electron accelerator that will be used to treat contaminants of emerging concern in water bodies. The gun geometry is Pierce-type and optimized for beam current of 1A with LaB6 as cathode material at cathode potential of -100 kV. The final optimized cathode radius and angle of inclination of the focusing electrode are found to be 1.5 mm, and 77 degree respectively. For an emittance compensation electrode, the optimized values for thickness and potential are 2 mm and -50 kV respectively, and separation between cathode and compensator is 8 mm. Beam dynamics calculations have been performed with self-developed particle tracking code that assumes space charge interactions and imported fields. The beam dynamics simulations show that with an initial bunch length of 50 ps having a bunch charge of 5 pC, the bunch length of the bunch reduces to 33 ps. The diameter, transverse and longitudinal emittance obtained are 2.8 mm, 1 mm-mrad and 5 mm-mrad respectively.

Poster THPORI09 [1.238 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-LINAC2022-THPORI09

About •

Received ※ 11 August 2022 — Revised ※ 14 August 2022 — Accepted ※ 01 September 2022 — Issue date ※ 16 September 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)